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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (14): 95-104.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0359

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西季节性冻土的时空变化特征及对气候变暖的响应

吴素芬1(), 马子平2(), 李智才3, 韩典辰4, 李亚军5, 姚彩霞6   

  1. 1 山西省长治市气象局，山西长治 046000
    2 山西省忻州市气象局，山西忻州 034000
    3 山西省气候中心，太原 030006
    4 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，南京 210044
    5 山西省气象信息中心，太原 030006
    6 山西省气象台，太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-27 修回日期:2022-06-25 出版日期:2023-05-09 发布日期:2023-05-09
  • 作者简介:

    吴素芬，女，1972年出生，山西长治人，工程师，研究方向为农业气象、大气环境与应用气象、气象科普。通信地址：046000 山西省长治市太行西街406号B座 长治市气象局，Tel：0355-2046253，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划项目“春季融冻对山西春季地质灾害（崩塌、滑坡）的影响研究”(201803D31219); 国家重点研发计划项目“气候变暖背景下极端强降温形成机理和预测方法研究”(2018YFC1505604)

Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Seasonal Frozen Soil in Shanxi Province and Their Response to Climate Warming

WU Sufen1(), MA Ziping2(), LI Zhicai3, HAN Dianchen4, LI Yajun5, YAO Caixia6   

  1. 1 Changzhi Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000
    2 Xinzhou Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000
    3 Shanxi Climate Center, Taiyuan 030006
    4 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing 210044
    5 Shanxi Meteorological Information Center, Taiyuan 030006
    6 Shanxi Meteorological Observatory, Taiyuan 030006
  • Received:2022-04-27 Revised:2022-06-25 Online:2023-05-09 Published:2023-05-09

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摘要：

山西省季节性冻土变化的研究，对于揭示气候变暖背景下，黄土高原季节性冻土融冻对气候变化的响应以及由冻土变化引起土地退化直接影响农业生产、农田水利基本建设及道路施工等具有重要应用价值。利用山西省1981—2018年108个国家气象观测站冻土资料，研究了山西省冻土分布的时空演变规律，主要分析了山西省地面冻结日期、解冻日期、冻结日数、年最大冻土深度的时空分布特征，分析了山西省年最大冻土深度的年际及年代际变化特征，同时也分析了以上各要素对气候变暖的响应。结果发现：山西北部冻结最早从9月开始，冬末春初冻结的面积和深度达到最大，最晚5月冻土消退；1981—2018年，地面冻结日期全省大部地区呈现不同程度推迟的态势；地面解冻日期呈不同程度提前的趋势，地面冻结日数相应减少；年最大冻土深度由北到南逐渐减小，中部和南部年最大冻土深度呈减小趋势，北部部分地区呈现增大趋势，增大可能与山西北部冬季气候向暖湿型转变有关。气温变暖的背景下，冬季降水、0 cm地温与年最大冻土深度有着较为复杂的响应关系，年最大冻土深度在冬季降水偏多的背景下与0 cm地温有较显著的负相关，最大冻土深度的减小趋势是对年平均气温升高的直接响应，最大冻土深度对年平均气温的响应比对年降水量的响应要显著。

关键词: 季节性冻土, 时空分布, 演变特征, 气候变暖, 响应, 山西

Abstract:

The study of seasonal frozen soil change in Shanxi Province has important application value for revealing the response of seasonal frozen soil thawing to climate change and the direct impact of land degradation caused by frozen soil change on agricultural production, irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure and road construction in the Loess Plateau under the background of climate warming. Based on the frozen soil data from meteorological observation records at 108 stations in Shanxi Province from 1981 to 2018, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the ground freezing date, thawing date, the number of frozen days and annual maximum depth of frozen soil, and the interannual and interdecadal variation characteristics of the annual maximum frozen soil depth, and the responses of the above factors to climate warming. Results showed that soil freezing in northern Shanxi began in September, and the frozen soil subsided in May at the latest. The depth and area of frozen soil reached the maximum at the end of winter and the beginning of spring. The date of ground freezing was postponed and the date of ground thawing was earlier, and the number of frozen days was reduced accordingly to various degrees in most parts of the province from 1981 to 2018. The annual maximum depth of frozen soil gradually decreased from north to south. The annual maximum depth of frozen soil decreased in the middle and southern parts of the province, and increased in the northern part, which might be related to the warming and wetting of winter climate in north Shanxi. Under climate warming, winter precipitation and 0 cm ground temperature had complex response relationship with the annual maximum depth of frozen soil. The annual maximum depth of frozen soil was negatively correlated with 0 cm ground temperature under the background of excessive winter precipitation. The decreasing trend of the maximum frozen soil depth was a direct response to the increase of the annual average temperature, and the response of the maximum frozen soil depth to the annual average temperature was more significant than that to the annual precipitation.

Key words: seasonal frozen soil, spatiotemporal distribution, evolution characteristics, climate warming, response, Shanxi