马氏珠母贝组蛋白H2分子进化及功能分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0812

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (28): 151-157.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0812

马氏珠母贝组蛋白H2分子进化及功能分析

张明¹(), 杨帅¹, 曹艳飞¹, 卢晓文¹, 焦钰¹^,²()

¹ 广东海洋大学水产学院，广东湛江 524088
² 广东省珍珠养殖与加工工程技术研究中心，广东湛江 524088

收稿日期:2022-09-26 修回日期:2022-12-28 出版日期:2023-10-05 发布日期:2023-09-25
通讯作者: 焦钰，女，1981年出生，山东枣庄人，教授，博士，研究方向：海产无脊椎动物生物学及增养殖技术。通信地址：524088 广东省湛江市麻章区海大路1号广东海洋大学水产学院，Tel：0759-2383346，E-mail：jiaoyu1981@hotmail.com。
作者简介:
张明，女，1995年出生，山东菏泽人，硕士，研究方向：珍珠培育与加工。通信地址：524088 广东省湛江市麻章区海大路1号广东海洋大学水产学院，Tel：0759-2383346，E-mail：919163113@qq.com。
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目“重复基因nAChR亚基在马氏珠母贝移植免疫中的功能分化及表达调控机制”(2021A1515011199); 广东省教育厅普通高校特色创新项目“DNA甲基化在马氏珠母贝移植免疫中的调控机制”(2021KTSCX041)

Molecular Evolution and Functional Analysis of Histone H2 from Pinctada fucata martensii

ZHANG Ming¹(), YANG Shuai¹, CAO Yanfei¹, LU Xiaowen¹, JIAO Yu¹^,²()

¹ Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088
² Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088

Received:2022-09-26 Revised:2022-12-28 Published-:2023-10-05 Online:2023-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析马氏珠母贝组蛋白H2的分子进化特征，及其在马氏珠母植核免疫调控中的作用，为进一步阐述组蛋白H2在马氏珠母贝中的生理功能提供理论基础。应用生物信息学分析方法对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensi)、人(Homo sapiens)、长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)等9个物种中的组蛋白H2A和H2B进行全基因组鉴定，并分析了它们的分子进化历程；利用课题组已有数据，分析组蛋白H2A和H2B在马氏珠母贝发育、组织和植核免疫中的功能。通过比较基因组分析发现，人的基因组中含有27个组蛋白H2A、20个组蛋白H2B，长牡蛎基因组中含有12个组蛋白H2A、8个组蛋白H2B，马氏珠母贝基因组中仅含有2个H2A（H2A-1和H2A-2）、1个H2B，与其他物种相比呈现收缩现象。序列比对分析发现，人的基因组中有6个H2A变体和2个H2B变体，牡蛎有3个H2A变体和1个H2B变体，马氏珠母贝中有1个H2A变异体(H2A-2)。在马氏珠母贝中，植核后H2A-1和H2B的表达发生了不同程度的变化，说明它们参与植核免疫调控；基因H2A-1在原肠胚期表达量较高，H2A-2在担轮幼虫和D型幼虫中的表达量较高，H2B发育前期表达量较高。H2A-1在珍珠囊中表达量较高，H2A-2在血细胞、足和外套膜套膜区表达量相对较高，H2B在性腺和珍珠囊中表达量较高。马氏珠母贝基因组中仅含有2个组蛋白H2基因，它们参与调控植核免疫且在免疫调控过程中发挥的作用不同。

关键词: 马氏珠母贝, 组蛋白H2, 软体动物, 进化

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to investigate the molecular evolutionary characteristics of histone H2 and its role in the immune regulation in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii, and to provide a theoretical basis for further elucidation of the physiological functions of histone H2 in Pinctada fucata martensii. Bioinformatics methods were used to identify histone H2A and H2B from nine species, such as Pinctada fucata martensii, Homo sapiens, and Crassostrea gigas, and their molecular evolution was analyzed. Using the data available in our previous research, the functions of histone H2A and H2B in the development, tissue and immunity of Pinctada fucata martensii were also analyzed. The main results showed that the human genome contained 27 histone H2A and 20 histone H2B, the C. gigas genome contained 12 histone H2A and 8 histone H2B, and the genome of Pinctada fucata martensii contained only two H2A (H2A-1 and H2A-2) and one H2B, which showed a contraction phenomenon compared with other species. Sequence analysis revealed that there were 6 H2A and 2 H2B variants in human genome, 3 H2A and 1 H2B variants in C. gigas, and 1 H2A variant (H2A-2) in Pinctada fucata martensii. The expression of H2A-1 and H2B were changed after transplantation in Pinctada fucata martensii, indicating that they were involved in the immunological regulation of the transplantation immune response. The expression level of H2A-1 gene was higher in the gastrula stage, H2A-2 was highly expressed in trochophore stage and type D larvae, and the expression level of H2B was higher in the egg and fertilized egg. H2A-1 was relatively high in pearl sac, the expression level of H2A-2 was relatively high in blood cell, foot, and mantle pallium, and H2B gene was relatively high in gonad and pearl sac. The genome of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii contained only two H2 genes, and both of them involved and played a different role in the regulation of transplantation immune response in Pinctada fucata martensii.

Key words: Pinctada fucata martensii, histone H2, mollusk, evolution

张明, 杨帅, 曹艳飞, 卢晓文, 焦钰. 马氏珠母贝组蛋白H2分子进化及功能分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(28): 151-157.

ZHANG Ming, YANG Shuai, CAO Yanfei, LU Xiaowen, JIAO Yu. Molecular Evolution and Functional Analysis of Histone H2 from Pinctada fucata martensii[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(28): 151-157.

图/表 5

物种	H2A数量	H2B数量
马氏珠母贝	2	1
海兔	6	1
长牡蛎	12	8
冒贝	39	17
海蠕虫	23	16
章鱼	20	25
人	27	20
水蛭	11	10
斑马鱼	37	35

表1. 9个物种H2A和H2B基因的数量分析个

图1. 9个物种H2A和H2B蛋白的基因家族进化树分析

图2. 马氏珠母贝、人和长牡蛎H2A和H2B蛋白的多序列比对和进化树 A.根据多序列比对使用MEGA6.0构建基因家族进化树，蓝色背景表示马氏珠母贝PmH2A基因分枝；绿色背景表示人H2A基因分枝；粉色背景表示长牡蛎H2A基因分枝；B.马氏珠母贝、人和长牡蛎H2A基因的多序列比对，红色框的是马氏珠母贝H2A基因；C.根据多序列比对使用MEGA6.0构建基因家族进化树，蓝色背景表示马氏珠母贝H2B基因分枝；绿色背景表示人H2B基因分枝；粉色背景表示长牡蛎H2B基因分枝；D.马氏珠母贝、人和长牡蛎H2A基因的多序列比对，红色框的是马氏珠母贝H2B基因

图3. H2A和H2B在不同组织及发育阶段的表达变化 A图中A代表闭壳肌、F代表足、GI代表鳃、GO代表性腺、HE代表肝胰腺、B代表血细胞、MC代表中央膜、MP代表套膜区、PS代表珍珠囊；B中EGG代表卵、FE代表受精卵、B代表囊胚期、G代表原肠胚期、ET代表早期担轮幼虫、T代表担轮幼虫、D代表D型幼虫、DF代表投饵前D型幼虫、EU代表早期壳顶幼虫期、U代表眼点期、PV代表变态后时期、J代表稚贝期

图4. 植核后血细胞转录组中H2A和H2B基因的表达变化 BCT代表术前处理后，BC代表空白对照，h代表小时，d代表天

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马氏珠母贝组蛋白H2分子进化及功能分析

Molecular Evolution and Functional Analysis of Histone H2 from Pinctada fucata martensii

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