叶面喷施木醋液对萝卜、白菜生长及菌核病抗性的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0986

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

减少农药化肥施用，并获得高产优质安全的产品，已成为国内蔬菜栽培的主要目标。为研究木醋液对萝卜、白菜生长及菌核病抗性的问题，以萝卜和白菜为试验材料，叶面喷施稀释400倍的木醋液及配方木醋液2个处理，喷施清水为对照，结果表明，喷施木醋液可提高蔬菜的根颈粗、总叶数、绿叶数、单株叶面积、SPAD和生物量。与对照相比，喷施稀释400倍的木醋液分别显著增加萝卜和白菜的产量88.7%和37.8%。接种菌核菌后施用稀释100~400倍木醋液及配方溶液，随木醋液浓度增大抑菌率增加，稀释100~200倍木醋液及配方的抑菌率可达到50%以上，其中稀释100倍木醋液配方的抑菌率高达75.7%；其对萝卜和白菜菌核病的防治效果(60 h)分别达到46.9%和32.8%，与0.4 μg/mL的菌核净差异不显著。

关键词: 萝卜, 白菜, 木醋液, 叶面喷施, 生物量, 菌核病

Abstract:

Reducing the application of pesticides and fertilizers and obtaining high-yield, high-quality and safe products has become the main goal of vegetable cultivation in China. To study the effects of wood vinegar on the growth and sclerotinia resistance of radish and cabbage, two treatments of diluted wood vinegar 400 times and formulated wood vinegar were sprayed on the foliar surface, and water was sprayed as the control. The results showed that spraying wood vinegar could improve the root neck thickness, total leaf number, green leaf number, leaf area, SPAD and biomass of vegetables. Compared with the control, spraying wood vinegar diluted 400 times significantly increased the yield of radish and cabbage by 88.7% and 37.8%, respectively. After inoculation of sclerotinia bacteria, dilute 100-400 times wood vinegar and formula solution were applied, with the increase of wood vinegar concentration, the bacteriostatic rate of diluted 100-200 times wood vinegar and formula solution could reach more than 50%, of which the bacteriostatic rate of diluted 100 times wood vinegar formula was as high as 75.7%; The control effect (60 h) of radish and cabbage sclerotinia reached 46.9% and 32.8%, respectively, which was not significantly different from the sclerotia of 0.4 μg/mL.

Key words: radish, cabbage, wood vinegar, foliar spray, biomass, sclerotinia

于子惠, 赵成娟, 朱坤淼, 曲昭杰, 胡立勇, 原保忠. 叶面喷施木醋液对萝卜、白菜生长及菌核病抗性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(34): 47-52.

YU Zihui, ZHAO Chengjuan, ZHU Kunmiao, QU Zhaojie, HU Liyong, YUAN Baozhong. Effects of Spraying of Wood Vinegar on Growth and Sclerotinia Resistance of Radish and Cabbage[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(34): 47-52.

图/表 9

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作物	处理	叶干重/(×10^-2g/株)	根干重/(×10^-2g/株)	整株干重/(×10^-2g/株)	根冠比/%	根长/cm	根颈粗/mm	总叶数/片	SPAD	单株叶面积/cm²
萝卜	CK	23.3b	2.64a	25.91b	11.61a	12.1b	1.56b	3.0a	34.2ab	54.3c
	M-400	26.4ab	2.99a	29.38ab	11.40a	18.9a	1.83a	3.0a	35.5a	60.9b
	P-400	30.4a	3.00a	33.39a	9.89a	16.5a	1.78a	3.3a	32.0b	68.9a
白菜	CK	5.4b	0.90a	6.33b	16.68a	8.8b	1.24b	3.0a	26.3a	26.3b
	M-400	6.4a	1.15a	7.51a	18.08a	10.3a	1.53a	3.5a	27.2a	27.4ab
	P-400	6.7a	1.14a	7.85a	17.03a	10.1a	1.64a	3.5a	21.6b	30.2a

作物	处理	叶干重/(×10^-2g/株)	根干重/(×10^-2g/株)	整株干重/(×10^-2g/株)	根冠比/%	根长/cm	根颈粗/mm	总叶数/片	SPAD	单株叶面积/cm²
萝卜	CK	23.3b	2.64a	25.91b	11.61a	12.1b	1.56b	3.0a	34.2ab	54.3c
	M-400	26.4ab	2.99a	29.38ab	11.40a	18.9a	1.83a	3.0a	35.5a	60.9b
	P-400	30.4a	3.00a	33.39a	9.89a	16.5a	1.78a	3.3a	32.0b	68.9a
白菜	CK	5.4b	0.90a	6.33b	16.68a	8.8b	1.24b	3.0a	26.3a	26.3b
	M-400	6.4a	1.15a	7.51a	18.08a	10.3a	1.53a	3.5a	27.2a	27.4ab
	P-400	6.7a	1.14a	7.85a	17.03a	10.1a	1.64a	3.5a	21.6b	30.2a

作物	处理	根颈粗/mm	总叶数/片	绿叶数/片	单株叶面积/cm²	SPAD
萝卜	CK	26.8b	9.3a	7.3a	422b	50.3a
	M-400	34.2ab	11.0a	8.7a	564b	53.5a
	P-400	43.3a	11.3a	9.7a	766a	54.5a
白菜	CK	9.1b	13.0a	11.7a	493b	48.5b
	M-400	11.2ab	14.3a	12.3a	695a	54.9a
	P-400	11.7a	15.3a	12.0a	762a	48.6b

作物	处理	根颈粗/mm	总叶数/片	绿叶数/片	单株叶面积/cm²	SPAD
萝卜	CK	26.8b	9.3a	7.3a	422b	50.3a
	M-400	34.2ab	11.0a	8.7a	564b	53.5a
	P-400	43.3a	11.3a	9.7a	766a	54.5a
白菜	CK	9.1b	13.0a	11.7a	493b	48.5b
	M-400	11.2ab	14.3a	12.3a	695a	54.9a
	P-400	11.7a	15.3a	12.0a	762a	48.6b

作物	处理	地下干重/(g/株)	地上干重/(g/株)	整株干重/(g/株)	地下鲜重/(g/株)	地上鲜重/(g/株)	小区产量/kg
萝卜	CK	2.85c	4.20b	7.05c	33.6c	42.1b	3.36c
	M-400	5.28b	6.21b	11.49b	63.4b	64.0ab	6.34b
	P-400	7.82a	9.79a	17.61a	102.6a	103.8a	10.26a
白菜	CK		4.96c			71.6c	11.81c
	M-400		6.93b			98.6b	16.27b
	P-400		9.11a			141.2a	23.30a