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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (35): 150-156.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0966

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

息烽县黑线姬鼠形态特征及繁殖特征变化

李梅1(), 徐加林2, 尹文书1, 敖成红1, 宋致书1, 杨再学3()   

  1. 1 贵州省息烽县农业技术开发服务中心,贵州息烽 551100
    2 息烽县鹿窝镇农业服务中心,贵州息烽 551104
    3 贵州省余庆县植保植检站,贵州息烽 564400
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-11 修回日期:2023-03-14 出版日期:2023-12-11 发布日期:2023-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    杨再学,男,1964年出生,贵州余庆人,推广研究员,研究方向:鼠害研究和植保技术推广。通信地址:564400 贵州省余庆县植保植检站, E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李梅,女,1979年出生,贵州息烽人,高级农艺师,研究方向:植保技术推广。通信地址:551100 贵州省息烽县植保植检站,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“黑线姬鼠体型对温度的适应改变机制”(32272561); 遵义市首批市级人才基地建设项目“贵州省农区鼠害绿色防控技术应用人才基地项目”(遵委[2019]69号); 贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目“贵州省鼠害人才团队持续性培养期项目”(黔科合人才[2015]4019号)

Variations of Morphological Characteristics and Reproductive Characteristics of Apodemus agrarius in Xifeng County

LI Mei1(), XU Jialin2, YIN Wenshu1, AO Chenghong1, SONG Zhishu1, YANG Zaixue3()   

  1. 1 Xifeng County Agricultural Technology Development Service Center of Guizhou, Xifeng, Guizhou 551100
    2 Xifeng County Luwo Town Agriculture Service Center, Xifeng, Guizhou 551104
    3 Yuqing Plant Protection Station of Guizhou, Yuqing, Guizhou 564400
  • Received:2022-11-11 Revised:2023-03-14 Published-:2023-12-11 Online:2023-12-11

摘要:

为探讨黑线姬鼠形态特征、繁殖特征和年龄结构变化,为其预测预报及科学防控提供参考依据。对贵州省息烽县2015—2022年捕获的315只黑线姬鼠种群特征进行分析研究。结果表明:黑线姬鼠平均体重为26.09 g,平均胴体重为19.96 g,平均体长为88.84 mm,平均尾长为77.11 mm,平均后足长为18.75 mm,平均耳长为10.35 mm。不同性别体重、胴体重、体长、尾长、后足长、耳长差异不显著。不同年龄组体重等形态特征差异显著,均随种群年龄的增长不断增加。不同季节体重、后足长、耳长差异极显著,胴体重、体长差异显著,尾长差异不显著。胴体重、体长、尾长、后足长、耳长与体重之间呈极显著的同步增长趋势。研究期间,平均怀孕率为20.81%,平均胎仔数为4.97只,平均睾丸下降率为72.89%,雌雄总性比为0.90,平均繁殖指数为0.4889。不同年龄组种群繁殖力明显不同,其主要繁殖群体是成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组和老年组个体,其特征表现为随着年龄的增长,种群繁殖力不断增加的趋势。每年在春季和秋季出现2个种群繁殖高峰期。不同季节种群年龄结构组成明显不同,全年总体种群年龄结构组成呈典型的金字塔型分布,其中,亚成年组、成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组个体数量在种群中占绝对优势,合计种群占比为87.30%。

关键词: 黑线姬鼠, 形态特征, 繁殖特征, 年龄结构, 息烽县

Abstract:

The study aims to provide foundations for rodent forecasting and management that identified the variations of morphological characteristics, reproductive characteristics and age structure. We analyzed the population characteristics composed by 315 A. agrarius captured in Xifeng County, Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2022. The results show that for A. agrarius, the average body weight is 26.09 g, the average carcass weight is 19.96 g, the average body length is 88.84 mm, the average tail length is 77.11 mm, the average hind foot length is 18.75 mm, and the average ear length is 10.35 mm. There are no significant differences in body weight, carcass weight, body length, tail length, hind foot length and ear length between male and female animals. There are significant differences in body weight among different age groups, the body weight of the animals increase with the increased age. Among the populations from different seasons, there are great differences in body weight, hind foot length and ear length, significant differences in carcass weight and body length, and no significant differences in tail length. Carcass weight, body length, tail length, hind foot length and ear length increase significantly with the growth of body weight. For the population in the study period, the average pregnancy rate was 20.81%, the average litter size of females was 4.97, the average testicular descent rate of males was 72.89%, the sex ratio of male to female was 0.90, and the average reproductive index was 0.4889. The fecundity of different age groups is obviously different, animals in adult I, adult II and the elder groups are the dominant breeders, which fecundity increased with the growth of age. There are two reproduction peaks occurred in spring and autumn every year. The age compositions of different seasonal population are obviously different, and the distribution of age in the population captured whole year is a typical pyramid, among which the number of individuals in sub-adult group, adult group I and adult group II is absolutely dominant in the population, which is accounting for 87.30% of the animals of the population.

Key words: Apodemus agrarius, morphological characteristics, reproductive characteristics, age structure, Xifeng County