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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (35): 55-60.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0996

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

早实核桃采穗圃适宜定植密度和修剪强度研究

唐佳佳1(), 李秀珍1(), 魏立本1, 彭秀1, 党江波2, 周小舟1, 冯大兰1   

  1. 1 重庆市林业科学研究院，重庆 400036
    2 西南大学园艺园林学院，重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-01 修回日期:2023-03-26 出版日期:2023-12-11 发布日期:2023-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    李秀珍，女，1978年出生，重庆大足人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事经济林育种及丰产栽培技术方面的研究。通信地址：400036 重庆市沙坪坝区歌乐山街道高店子106号 重庆市林业科学研究院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    唐佳佳，女，1989年出生，重庆潼南人，工程师，硕士，主要从事核桃育种及丰产栽培技术方面的研究。通信地址：400036 重庆市沙坪坝区歌乐山街道高店子106号 重庆市林业科学研究院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    重庆市科技兴林攻关类项目“核桃良种（渝城1号）采穗圃营建关键技术研究”(渝林科研2018-2)

Study on the Suitable Planting Density and Pruning Intensity in Scion Orchard of Early Bearing Walnut

TANG Jiajia1(), LI Xiuzhen1(), WEI Liben1, PENG Xiu1, DANG Jiangbo2, ZHOU Xiaozhou1, FENG Dalan1   

  1. 1 Chongqing Academy of Forestry, Chongqing 400036
    2 College of Horticulture and Gardening, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715
  • Received:2022-12-01 Revised:2023-03-26 Published-:2023-12-11 Online:2023-12-11

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摘要：

为重庆地区早实核桃采穗圃营建及高效管理提供参考，以早实核桃‘渝城1号’为研究对象，采用裂区试验设计，研究了4种定植密度(1 m×2 m、2 m×2 m、2 m×3 m、3 m×4 m)和4种修剪强度（长放、轻短截、中短截、重短截）对核桃枝条生长和穗芽产量的影响。结果表明：定植密度和修剪强度对有效枝数、枝粗、枝长和有效芽数有显著影响，且修剪强度的影响大于定植密度，两者交互作用对枝长影响显著，对其他指标则无显著影响。从定植密度上看，有效枝数、枝粗、枝长和有效芽数随密度降低而增加，在 2 m×3 m和3 m×4 m密度下的有效枝数及有效芽数显著优于其他处理。从修剪强度上看，随着修剪强度增加有效枝数显著减少，而枝粗、枝长和有效芽数显著增加，其中重短截的枝条质量显著优于其他处理。综合来看，在16个处理中，2 m×3 m结合重短截处理的枝粗、枝长和有效芽数显著高于其他处理，且单产有效芽数较高，是兼顾了枝条质量和穗芽产量的最佳处理。定植密度和修剪强度对于重庆地区早实核桃‘渝城1号’采穗母树枝条的生长发育有显著影响，营建采穗圃的适宜定植密度为株行距2 m× 3 m，适宜的修剪强度为休眠期重短截。

关键词: 早实核桃, ‘渝城1号’, 采穗圃, 密度, 修剪强度

Abstract:

In order to provide references for the construction and efficient management of the local early bearing walnut scion orchard in Chongqing, early bearing walnut 'Yucheng 1' was used as the research object, and a split plot design was used to study the effects of four planting densities (1 m×2 m, 2 m×2 m, 2 m×3 m, 3 m×4 m) and four pruning intensities (no short-cutting, light short- cutting, medium short-cutting and heavily short-cutting) on the branch growth and bud yield of walnut branches. The results showed that the effective branches number, branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number were significantly affected by the planting density and pruning intensity, and the effect of pruning intensity was greater than that of the density, and the interaction between planting density and pruning intensity had a significant effect on branch length, but had no significant effect on other indexes. From the perspective of planting density, the effective branches number, branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number increased with the decrease of density, the effective branches number and effective bud number of 2 m×3 m and 3 m×4 m densities were significantly better than those of other treatments. From the perspective of pruning intensity, with the increase of pruning intensity, the effective branches number decreased significantly, while the branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number increased significantly, and the quality of branches with heavily short-cutting was significantly better than that of other treatments. Comprehensive analysis from 16 treatments, the branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number of 2 m×3 m planting densities combined with heavily short-cutting treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the effective buds per unit area were higher, which was the best treatment for both branch quality and effective bud yield. The planting density and pruning intensity have a significant effect on the growth and development of the branches of the early bearing walnut 'Yucheng No.1' mother tree in Chongqing. The suitable planting density for the construction of the scion orchard is plant spacing 2 m and row spacing 3 m, and the suitable pruning intensity is heavily short-cutting in dormant period.

Key words: early bearing walnut, ‘Yucheng No.1’, scion orchard, density, pruning intensity