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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 10-17.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0230

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

低密度下缩节胺喷施时间对棉花光合特性及产量的影响

田文强(), 苏丽丽(), 孟令贻, 马伊健, 唐江华   

  1. 新疆农业大学农学院，乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-01 修回日期:2022-06-23 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 苏丽丽，女，1990年出生，河南睢县人，实验师，硕士，研究方向：耕作制度及农业生态。通信地址：830052 新疆乌鲁木齐市农大东路311号 新疆农业大学农学院，Tel：0991-8762261，E-mail：565125471@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    田文强，男，1997年出生，山东济南人，硕士研究生，研究方向：作物高产栽培。通信地址：830052 新疆乌鲁木齐市农大东路311号 新疆农业大学农学院，Tel：0991-8762261，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆农业大学作物学重点学科发展基金“缩节胺喷施时间对低密度棉花生长及产量形成的影响研究”(XNCDJY2019001)

Effects of Spraying Time of DPC on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Cotton Under Low Density

TIAN Wenqiang(), SU Lili(), MENG Lingyi, MA Yijian, TANG Jianghua   

  1. College of Agronomy of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
  • Received:2022-04-01 Revised:2022-06-23 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-10

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摘要：

为解决新疆棉花生长前期易受低温冷害气候影响造成的种植密度偏低、产量下降。试验以‘农大棉4号’为材料，采用裂区试验设计，主区种植密度设2个处理：19.2万株/hm2(M1)和14.4万株/hm2(M2)，副区缩节胺喷施时间设延迟4个处理：0天(D0)、3天(D3)、6天(D6)、9天(D9)，研究不同低密度条件下，缩节胺喷施时间对棉花光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明：延迟缩节胺喷施时间减弱了其对棉花生长的抑制作用，可更好发挥棉花单株优势，塑造不同株型，使叶面积指数增加9.19%~45.34%，SPAD值减少1.28%~5.03%，净光合速率减少5.18%~15.75%，伏桃增加4.66%~18.53%；而种植密度的减小使叶面积指数减小24.42%，SPAD值增加2.66%，净光合速率增加5.57%，药后20天吐絮率增加8.59%，单株结铃数增加22.98%，籽棉产量由大到小依次为：D3>D6>D0>D9。因此，在低密度19.2万株/hm2和14.4万株/hm2下，建议缩节胺喷施时间应分别推迟3天和6天，可更好发挥棉花单株优势，避免产量下降，实现稳产。

关键词: 棉花, 低密度, 缩节胺, 喷施时间, 产量

Abstract:

To solve the problems of low planting density and yield decline caused by low temperature and cold climate damage at the early stage of cotton growth in Xinjiang, we took ‘Nongda Cotton No. 4’ as the material, and adopted the split plot experiment design. Two treatments were set for the planting density in the main area: 192000 plants /hm2 (M1) and 144000 plants /hm2 (M2), and four treatments were set for the spraying time in the sub-area: delaying 0 days (D0), 3 days (D3), 6 days (D6) and 9 days (D9). The effects of spraying time on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton under different low densities were studied. The results showed that delaying the spraying time of DPC weakened its inhibitory effect on cotton growth, gave better play to the individual plant advantage of cotton, shaped different plant types, increased the leaf area index by 9.19%-45.34%, decreased the SPAD value by 1.28%-5.03%, decreased the net photosynthetic rate by 5.18%-15.75%, and increased the yield of pre-summer bolls by 4.66%-18.53%. The decrease of planting density reduced the leaf area index by 24.42%, increased the SPAD value by 2.66%, increased the net photosynthetic rate by 5.57%, increased the boll opening rate by 8.59% 20 days after DPC spraying, increased the number of bolls per plant by 22.98%, and the consequence of the yield of the seed cotton was D3>D6>D0>D9. Therefore, under the low density of 192000 plants /hm2 and 144000 plants /hm2, it is suggested that the spraying time of DPC should be delayed for 3 days and 6 days respectively, so as to give better play to the advantages of individual cotton plant, and achieve stable yield.

Key words: cotton, low density, DPC, spraying time, yield