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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (14): 1-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0477

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

耕作措施和施氮量对小麦籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素利用率的影响

李文倩1,2(), 韩明明1,2, 张海军1, 吕连杰1, 李晓宇1   

  1. 1 淄博市农业科学研究院，山东淄博 255000
    2 淄博数字农业农村研究院，山东淄博 255000
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-23 修回日期:2023-09-26 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-09
  • 作者简介:

    李文倩，女，1991年出生，山东滨州人，农艺师，博士，研究方向：小麦高产优质高效栽培理论与技术途径。通信地址：255000 山东淄博张店区商场西街197号 淄博市农业科学研究院，Tel：0533-2865842，E-mail：。

Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield, Grain Protein Content and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat

LI Wenqian1,2(), HAN Mingming1,2, ZHANG Haijun1, LV Lianjie1, LI Xiaoyu1   

  1. 1 Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo, Shandong 255000
    2 Zibo Institute for Digital Agriculture and Rural Research, Zibo, Shandong 255000
  • Received:2023-06-23 Revised:2023-09-26 Published:2024-05-15 Online:2024-05-09

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摘要：

为明确黄淮海地区小麦产量、品质和氮素利用率协同提高的最优耕作和氮肥组合模式，于2018—2020年设置2 a大田定位试验，试验采用裂区设计，主区为耕作方式，分别为旋耕(R)、深耕(P)和深松(B)；裂区为施氮量，分别为135 kg/hm2 (N135)、180 kg/hm2 (N180)、225 kg/hm2 (N225)、270 kg/hm2 (N270)。结果表明：耕作措施、施氮量及其互作对小麦籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素利用率均有显著影响。深松较传统旋耕或深耕处理，小麦开花期、成熟期氮素积累量分别增加1.2%~18.9%、5.2%~16.3%，花前氮素转运量、花后氮素积累量分别增加0.8%~70.4%、5.7%~21.9%，植株氮素生产力、氮素利用率分别增加3.2%~21.1%、3.7%~40.7%，最终实现小麦籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒蛋白质产量分别提高3.7%~40.7%、3.6%~8.9%和3.0%~49.9%。在一定范围内，增加氮肥施用量可以促进小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的提高，但同时降低了氮素利用率。综合效应看，深松配合270 kg/hm2施氮量可同时实现最高籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒蛋白质产量，且氮素利用率高于相同施氮量的旋耕、深耕处理。因此，就本试验区域而言，首选深松耕作方式并配合270 kg/hm2施氮量可实现小麦产量和品质协同提高，同时维持较优的氮素利用率。

关键词: 耕作措施, 施氮量, 籽粒产量, 籽粒蛋白质含量, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

To determine the suitable combination of tillage and nitrogen (N) rate for synergistic improvement of wheat yield, quality and N use efficiency in Huang-Huai-Hai area, field experiments was conducted from 2018 to 2020 with three tillage practices (rotary tillage, R; deep ploughing, P; subsoiling, B) and four N rates (135 kg/hm2, N135, 180 kg/hm2, N180, 225 kg/hm2, N225, 270 kg/hm2, N270) in Zibo, Shandong. The results showed that the grain yield, grain protein content and N use efficiency could be significantly regulated by tillage practice, N rate and the interaction of tillage practice and N rate. Compared with the traditional R or P, B increased the N accumulation amount at anthesis and maturity stages by 1.2%-18.9% and 5.2%-16.3%, respectively. The pre-anthesis N translocation amount and post-anthesis N accumulation amount were increased by 0.8%-70.4% and 5.7%-21.9%, respectively. Additionally, the plant N production capacity and N use efficiency increased by 3.2%-21.1% and 3.7%-40.7%, respectively. Therefore, compared with R or P, the grain yield, grain protein content and grain protein yield under B were significantly increased by 3.7%-40.7%, 3.6%-8.9% and 3.0%-49.9%. Increasing the N rate in a certain range could increase the grain protein content, but reduced the N use efficiency at the same time. In general, the highest grain yield, grain protein content and grain protein yield could be obtained simultaneously by B combined with 270 kg/hm2 N rate, and the N use efficiency was higher than other tillage practices with the same N rate. Therefore, in this experimental area, the preferred B combined with 270 kg/hm2 could achieve a synergistic increase in wheat yield and quality, while maintaining relatively higher N use efficiency.

Key words: tillage practices, nitrogen rates, grain yield, grain protein content, nitrogen use efficiency