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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (34): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0937

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

秸秆还田条件下耕作措施与施氮量对冬小麦干物质积累转运及产量的影响

李文倩(), 张海军, 韩明明, 牟群, 吕连杰   

  1. 淄博市农业科学研究院,山东淄博 255000
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-07 修回日期:2023-04-24 出版日期:2023-12-05 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 作者简介:

    李文倩,女,1991年出生,山东滨州人,农艺师,博士,研究方向:小麦高产优质高效栽培理论与技术途径。通信地址:255000 山东淄博张店区商场西街197号 淄博市农业科学研究院,Tel:0533-2865842,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设资金专项“小麦产业淄博综合试验站项目”(SDAIT-01-16); 淄博市英才计划创新人才项目

Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Dry Matter Accumulation and Remobilization and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat Under Straw Returning Treatment

LI Wenqian(), ZHANG Haijun, HAN Mingming, MU Qun, LV Lianjie   

  1. Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo, Shandong 255000
  • Received:2022-11-07 Revised:2023-04-24 Published-:2023-12-05 Online:2023-11-30

摘要:

为探讨黄淮海地区不同秸秆处理、耕作方式和施氮量相结合的高产高效生产技术,于2018—2020年设置2年大田定位试验。试验采用裂-裂区设计,主区为秸秆处理,分别为秸秆不还田(S0)和秸秆全量还田(S1);裂区为耕作方式,分别为旋耕(R)、深耕(P)和深松(B);裂裂区为施氮量,分别为135 kg/hm2(N135)、180 kg/hm2(N180)、225 kg/hm2(N225)、270 kg/hm2(N270)。结果表明,与S0相比,S1开花期、成熟期和花后干物质积累量提高0.6%~17.5%、1.1%~17%和1.1%~18.5%,随施氮量的降低,小麦全生育时期干物质积累量降低2.8%~22.2%。相较于常规S1+R+N225模式,S1+B+N180模式开花期、成熟期干物质积累量分别增加10.3%、7.2%,干物质转运量、干物质转运率和干物质转运量对籽粒贡献率分别增加45.9%、35.6%和27.2%,因此籽粒产量提高10.1%。从产量构成因素分析,后者小麦单位面积穗数较前者显著提高10.8%,通径分析进一步证明S1+B+N180模式增产的主要原因是增加了单位面积穗数。因此,与本试验相近环境条件下,在秸秆还田基础上配合深松和氮肥适量减施是实现冬小麦高产高效生产的可行技术。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 耕作措施, 施氮量, 干物质积累转运, 产量

Abstract:

To explore the high yield efficiency cultivation techniques combining different straw returning treatments, tillage practices and nitrogen rates in Huang-Huai-Hai area, field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 with two straw treatments (no straw returning to field, S0; straw returning to field, S1), three tillage practices (rotary tillage, R; deep ploughing, P; subsoiling, B) and four nitrogen rates (135 kg/hm2, N135; 180 kg/hm2, N180; 225 kg/hm2, N225; 270 kg/hm2, N270) at Zibo, Shandong. The results showed that compared with S0, S1 increased the dry matter accumulation (DMA) by 0.6%-17.5%, 1.1%-17% and 1.1%-18.5% at anthesis stage, maturity stage and after anthesis period; the DMA of the whole growth period decreased by 2.8%-22.2% with the decrease of nitrogen rate. Compared with conventional S1+R+N225 pattern, S1+B+N180 pattern improved the DMA by 10.3% and 7.2% at anthesis stage and maturity stage, and increased dry matter remobilization, dry matter remobilization efficiency and dry matter remobilization contribution rate to grain by 45.9%, 35.6% and 27.2%, respectively. Thus, S1+B+N180 pattern had greater grain yield of 10.1% more than S1+P+N225 pattern. In terms of yield components, the spike number of the latter was 10.8% higher than that of the former. The path analysis further confirmed that the increase of spike number was the main reason for boosting grain yield of wheat under S1+B+N180 pattern. Therefore, under similar environmental conditions as this experiment, subsoiling with moderate reduction of nitrogen rate on the basis of straw returning to field is a feasible technique to achieve high yield efficiency of winter wheat production.

Key words: straw returning, tillage practices, nitrogen rates, dry matter accumulation and remobilization, grain yield