一株多粘类芽孢杆菌的鉴定及对水稻稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0723

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在开发高效的微生物生防制剂，用于防治水稻稻瘟病。本研究从水稻根际土壤筛选到一株具有较好拮抗作用的菌株KH-19，通过形态学观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA测序对该菌株进行鉴定，用牛津杯法和平板对峙法测定其抑菌活性，针对水稻稻瘟病进行了盆栽防效试验。结果显示：KH-19菌株为多粘类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa，该菌对3株供试菌株大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 27853和白菜软腐病菌BC2均有抑菌作用，对其他6种病原细菌和8种病原真菌也有较好拮抗作用，对水稻稻瘟病菌抑菌率达63.67%。盆栽试验结果显示随着KH-19菌液浓度的提高水稻稻瘟病病情指数随之降低，当菌悬液浓度为10⁶~10⁷cfu/mL时，对接种第20天的稻瘟病防病指数达78.11%。P. polymyxa KH-19作为具有广谱抑菌活性的生防菌株，在防治水稻稻瘟病方面具有潜在应用价值。

关键词: 多粘类芽孢杆菌, 菌株鉴定, 盆栽实验, 水稻稻瘟病菌, 水稻病害防治, 生防菌株, Paenibacillus polymyxa, 抗菌活性

Abstract:

In order to broaden the resources of microbial biocontrol agents and to develop biocontrol strains with high efficacy in the control of Pyricularia oryzae, the present study was conducted to screen a strain KH-19 with a good antagonistic effect from the inter-root soil of rice. The strain was identified by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The inhibitory activity was determined by the oxford cup method and the plate stand-off method. The effectiveness of the strain was tested against P. oryzae in pots. The results showed that the KH-19 strain was Paenibacillus polymyxa, which had bacteriostatic effects on three strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Pectobacterium carotovorum BC2, and also had good antagonistic effects on other six pathogenic bacteria and eight pathogenic fungi, and its inhibition rate reached 63.67% against P. oryzae. The results of the pot test showed that the disease index of P. oryzae decreased with the increase of the concentration of P. polymyxa KH-19, and the disease index of P. polymyxa on the 20th day of inoculation reached 78.11% when the concentration of the bacterial suspension was 10⁶-10⁷ cfu/mL. The results showed that P. polymyxa KH-19 had potential application value as a biocontrol strain with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against P. oryzae.

Key words: Paenibacillus polymyxa, strain identification, pot experiment, Pyricularia oryzae, rice disease control, biocontrol strain, Paenibacillus polymyxa, antimicrobial activity

窦龙涛, 曲晓军, 胡基华, 姜威, 田缘, 闫更轩, 张淑梅. 一株多粘类芽孢杆菌的鉴定及对水稻稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(23): 118-125.

DOU Longtao, QU Xiaojun, HU Jihua, JIANG Wei, TIAN Yuan, YAN Gengxuan, ZHANG Shumei. Paenibacillus polymyxa Identification and Its Antibacterial Effect on Pyricularia oryzae[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(23): 118-125.

图/表 9

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项目	结果	文献	项目	结果	文献	项目	结果	文献
柠檬酸盐利用	+	[21]	淀粉水解	+	[22]	甲基红试验	-	[23]
明胶液化	+	[21]	硝酸盐还原	+	[22]	0% NaCl	+	*
吲哚反应	+	[21]	葡萄糖氧化发酵	+	[22]	2% NaCl	+	*
甘露醇发酵	+	[21]	丙三醇发酵	+	[22]	5% NaCl	+	*
蔗糖发酵	+	[21]	乳糖发酵	+	[22]	7% NaCl	-	*
V-P 试验	+	[22]	接触酶反应	+	[22]	10% NaCl	-	*

项目	结果	文献	项目	结果	文献	项目	结果	文献
柠檬酸盐利用	+	[21]	淀粉水解	+	[22]	甲基红试验	-	[23]
明胶液化	+	[21]	硝酸盐还原	+	[22]	0% NaCl	+	*
吲哚反应	+	[21]	葡萄糖氧化发酵	+	[22]	2% NaCl	+	*
甘露醇发酵	+	[21]	丙三醇发酵	+	[22]	5% NaCl	+	*
蔗糖发酵	+	[21]	乳糖发酵	+	[22]	7% NaCl	-	*
V-P 试验	+	[22]	接触酶反应	+	[22]	10% NaCl	-	*

处理组	接种水稻稻病菌10 d		接种水稻稻病菌15 d		接种水稻稻病菌20 d		接种水稻稻病菌25 d
处理组	病情指数	防病效果/%	病情指数	防病效果/%	病情指数	防病效果/%	病情指数	防病效果/%
处理一	13.80	-	35.34	-	68.44	-	83.12	-
处理二	4.79	56.28	7.21	63.07	14.86	78.11	29.11	60..39
处理三	7.76	26.51	15.27	38.91	22.81	65.90	41.85	55.19
处理四	10.23	18.69	20.11	31.59	40.37	49.61	56.34	38.23

处理组	接种水稻稻病菌10 d		接种水稻稻病菌15 d		接种水稻稻病菌20 d		接种水稻稻病菌25 d
处理组	病情指数	防病效果/%	病情指数	防病效果/%	病情指数	防病效果/%	病情指数	防病效果/%
处理一	13.80	-	35.34	-	68.44	-	83.12	-
处理二	4.79	56.28	7.21	63.07	14.86	78.11	29.11	60..39
处理三	7.76	26.51	15.27	38.91	22.81	65.90	41.85	55.19
处理四	10.23	18.69	20.11	31.59	40.37	49.61	56.34	38.23