大兴安岭森林凋落物的活性真菌及其代谢产物研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0475

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在分离鉴定大兴安岭森林凋落物中的真菌,并发现具有抗菌活性与纤维素降解活性的菌株及抗菌代谢物。以凋落物为材料,用颗粒涂布平板法分离真菌,用打孔药剂扩散法与刚果红染色法检测抗菌活性与纤维素降解活性。分离培养了76株真菌,其隶属于9个纲,15个目,25个科,59个分类单元,其中21株真菌ITS序列相似性≤98.5%。7株真菌具有抗菌活性。经代谢物分离,得到2个单体化合物,它们是FLF409A（6,9-表氧基-7,22-烯-3-麦角甾醇）和FLF449A（4,6,8-三羟基-7-甲氧基-3-甲基二氢异香豆素）。首次发现了Parapyrenochaeta属真菌具有纤维素降解活性。本研究说明大兴安岭凋落物中尚有大量具有活性的真菌资源,值得进一步被开发利用。

关键词: 大兴安岭, 凋落物, 真菌, 抗菌活性, 代谢产物, 纤维素降解活性

Abstract:

This study aims to isolate and identify fungi from forest litter in the Greater Khingan Mountains, and find the fungal strains with antimicrobial activities and cellulolytic activities and antimicrobial metabolites. The forest litter was used as materials, the fungi were isolated with particle-spreading plate method, and antimicrobial activities and the cellulolytic activities were detected with the agar well diffusion method and the Congo red staining method. 76 fungal strains were isolated and cultured, belonging to 9 classes, 15 orders, 25 families and 59 taxa. The similarities of the ITS sequences of 21 fungal strains were ≤98.5%. 7 fungi had antimicrobial activities. By separation of metabolites, two monomeric compounds were obtained, which were FLF409A (6,9-epoxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol) and FLF449A (4,6,8-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyldihydroiso coumarin). Genus Parapyrenochaeta was first found to have the cellulolytic activity. This study indicates that there are still a large number of active fungi resources in forest litter in the Greater Khingan Mountains, which are worthy of further development and utilization.

Key words: the Greater Khingan Mountains, litter, fungus, antimicrobial activity, metabolite, cellulolytic activity

中图分类号:

S718.81

邱天艺, 徐悦, 甄锦程, 司璐, 于洪佳, 穆玉婷, 徐利剑. 大兴安岭森林凋落物的活性真菌及其代谢产物研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(18): 122-127.

QIU Tianyi, XU Yue, ZHEN Jincheng, SI Lu, YU Hongjia, MU Yuting, XU Lijian. Active Fungi from Forest Litter of the Greater Khingan Mountains and Their Metabolites[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(18): 122-127.

图/表 7

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序号	菌株	相似度/%^*	最相近菌种名称^*
1	FLF304	98.13	Chloridium virescens
2	FLF314	97.67	Pseudosigmoidea alnicola
3	FLF367	96.19	Coleophoma paracylindrospora
4	FLF372	88.75	Dactylospora parasitica
5	FLF381	92.79	Capronia acutiseta
6	FLF392	93.19	Cephalosporium gramineum
7	FLF399	94.52	Cadophora fastigiata
8	FLF409	96.33	Subulispora biappendiculata
9	FLF449	97.35	Parapyrenochaeta sp.
10	FLF450	91.21	Rosasphaeria moravica
11	FLF451	90.78	Chalara sp.
12	FLF453	95.14	Cadophora fastigiata
13	FLF455	87.97	Cladophialophora lanosa
14	FLF457	87.72	Dialonectria ullevolea
15	FLF459	96.77	Exophiala moniliae
16	FLF460	90.47	Matsushimaea fertilis
17	FLF462	95.18	Crocicreas coronatum
18	FLF467	97.60	Exophiala moniliae
19	FLF468	96.80	Lophiostoma cynaroidis
20	FLF472	95.31	Crocicreas coronatum
21	FLF473	93.01	Orbilia clavuliformis

序号	菌株	相似度/%^*	最相近菌种名称^*
1	FLF304	98.13	Chloridium virescens
2	FLF314	97.67	Pseudosigmoidea alnicola
3	FLF367	96.19	Coleophoma paracylindrospora
4	FLF372	88.75	Dactylospora parasitica
5	FLF381	92.79	Capronia acutiseta
6	FLF392	93.19	Cephalosporium gramineum
7	FLF399	94.52	Cadophora fastigiata
8	FLF409	96.33	Subulispora biappendiculata
9	FLF449	97.35	Parapyrenochaeta sp.
10	FLF450	91.21	Rosasphaeria moravica
11	FLF451	90.78	Chalara sp.
12	FLF453	95.14	Cadophora fastigiata
13	FLF455	87.97	Cladophialophora lanosa
14	FLF457	87.72	Dialonectria ullevolea
15	FLF459	96.77	Exophiala moniliae
16	FLF460	90.47	Matsushimaea fertilis
17	FLF462	95.18	Crocicreas coronatum
18	FLF467	97.60	Exophiala moniliae
19	FLF468	96.80	Lophiostoma cynaroidis
20	FLF472	95.31	Crocicreas coronatum
21	FLF473	93.01	Orbilia clavuliformis

菌株	水稻黄单胞水稻致病变种	青枯劳尔氏菌	串珠镰刀菌
FLF367	++	-	-
FLF314	-	-	+
FLF372	-	+++	-
FLF399	++	-	+
FLF409	+++	+++	-
FLF453	-	-	+
FLF467	+	-	-

菌株	水稻黄单胞水稻致病变种	青枯劳尔氏菌	串珠镰刀菌
FLF367	++	-	-
FLF314	-	-	+
FLF372	-	+++	-
FLF399	++	-	+
FLF409	+++	+++	-
FLF453	-	-	+
FLF467	+	-	-

菌株	菌落直径d/cm	降解圈直径D/cm	降解纤维素能力D/d
FLF367	0.80±0.08a	1.23±0.09b	1.57±0.26ab
FLF449	0.86±0.12a	1.30±0.16b	1.50±0.05b
FLF468	0.93±0.05a	1.73±0.05a	1.87±0.05a
FLF473	0.91±0.08a	1.33±0.09b	1.33±0.17b