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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 74-79.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0340

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

花生与绿肥轮作对土壤含水量和土壤肥力的影响

于淑慧1(), 朱国梁1, 牟小翎1, 董浩1, 史桂芳1, 郑铮1, 张卫建2()   

  1. 1 泰安市农业科学院，山东泰安 271000
    2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-26 修回日期:2023-10-07 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-10
  • 通讯作者:
    张卫建，男，主要从事作物耕作与生态研究。E-mail：
  • 作者简介:

    于淑慧，女，1988年出生，山东菏泽人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向：绿肥作物种植技术与土壤肥料方面。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王大街316号 泰安市农业科学院，Tel：0538-8505308，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部:国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22-G-16); 中国农业科学院创新工程(01-ICS-20)

Effects of Peanut and Green Fertilizer Rotation on Soil Water Content and Soil Fertility

YU Shuhui1(), ZHU Guoliang1, MU Xiaoling1, DONG Hao1, SHI Guifang1, ZHENG Zheng1, ZHANG Weijian2()   

  1. 1 Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271000
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2023-04-26 Revised:2023-10-07 Published-:2024-03-15 Online:2024-03-10

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摘要：

探讨在冬春裸地上种植绿肥对后茬作物春花生养分含量、土壤含水量和土壤肥力的影响，为山东地区春花生等冬闲田建立一种合理的轮作方式提供理论依据。在田间试验条件下，设置了春花生—冬闲田、夏花生—冬小麦、春花生—二月兰和春花生—毛叶苕子4种轮作处理。结果表明：种植二月兰和毛叶苕子绿肥作物，可促进后茬作物花生氮磷钾养分增加，二月兰增加程度高于毛叶苕子。种植二月兰和毛叶苕子绿肥作物，可提高后茬作物花生土壤含水量和土壤肥力，在0~20 cm土层中，2021年，与春花生—冬闲田相比，春花生—二月兰、春花生—毛叶苕子土壤相对含水量分别升高了4.70%、6.14%，在20~40、40~60 cm土层中也表现出相似趋势，2022年与2021年相比，表现出相似规律；与春花生—冬闲田相比，春花生—二月兰处理有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量平均增加了5.71%、8.98%、7.22%和7.72%，春花生—毛叶苕子处理有机质、碱解氮含量平均增加了4.54%、14.91%。可以利用春花生种植期间的冬春裸地种植一季冬绿肥，促进后茬作物养分积累量增加，改善土壤肥力。

关键词: 春花生, 二月兰, 毛叶苕子, 土壤含水量, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

To explore the effects of green fertilizer planting on spring peanut nutrient content, soil moisture content and soil fertility of later crops on bare land in winter and spring, and to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a reasonable rotation mode in spring peanut and other idle winter fields in Shandong, four rotation modes of spring peanut—winter idle field, summer peanut—winter wheat, spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus and spring peanut—vicia villosa were set up under the field experiment conditions. The results showed that planting the green fertilizer crops of Orychophragmus violaceus and vicia villosa could promote the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of later crops, and the increase degree of Orychophragmus violaceus was higher than that of vicia villosa. Planting green fertilizer crops of Orychophragmus violaceus and vicia villosa could improve soil moisture content and soil fertility of later crops. In 0-20 cm soil layer, soil moisture content of spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus and spring peanut—vicia villosa in 2021 increased by 4.70% and 6.14%, respectively, compared with spring peanut—winter idle field. Similar trends were also observed in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers, and a similar pattern was observed in 2022 compared with 2021. Compared with spring peanut—winter idle field, the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus treatment increased by 5.71%, 8.98%, 7.22% and 7.72% on average, while the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in spring peanut—vicia villosa treatment increased by 4.54% and 14.91% on average. In conclusion, green fertilizer can be planted on bare land in winter and spring during spring peanut planting to promote the increase of nutrient accumulation of later crops and improve soil fertility.

Key words: spring peanut, Orychophragmus violaceus, vicia villosa, soil water content, soil fertility