玉米活体单倍体育种研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0454

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统总结玉米活体单倍体技术在玉米分子育种中的应用，笔者重点探讨玉米活体单倍体高频诱导系的选育方法、形成机理、鉴定方法、加倍方法以及在群体改良中的应用，以期为活体单倍体育种技术的规模化应用提供参考。本研究采用文献综述法，整理归纳了玉米活体单倍体技术的相关研究成果和实践经验，分析各种方法在实际应用中的优缺点。研究表明，玉米活体单倍体技术在选育优良自交系和群体改良工作中发挥了重要作用。通过高频诱导系选育，成功获得大量优良单倍体植株，鉴定和加倍方法有效提高了单倍体形成和稳定性。活体单倍体技术在群体改良中展现出明显的加倍效果，为玉米育种提供了新的思路和方法。综上所述，玉米活体单倍体技术是一种高效、快速的育种方法，应用前景广阔。在玉米育种过程中应用活体单倍体技术，可以加快品质改良和产量提升的步伐，为玉米产业的健康发展提供有力支持。

关键词: 玉米, 活体单倍体, 选育, 形成机理, 鉴定, 加倍, 分子育种, 优良自交系, 群体改良

Abstract:

This study aims to systematically summarize the application of maize live haploid technology in maize molecular breeding, with focus on exploring the selection methods, formation mechanisms, identification methods, doubling methods, and application in population improvement of maize live haploid high-frequency induction lines, providing reference and guidance for the large-scale application of live haploid breeding technology. This study used a literature review method to summarize the relevant research results and practical experience on maize haploid technology, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in practical applications. The research results indicated that maize live haploid technology played an important role in breeding excellent inbred lines and population improvement. Through high-frequency induction line breeding, a large number of excellent haploid plants had been successfully obtained; the identification and doubling methods effectively improved haploid formation and stability. The live haploid technology had shown significant doubling effects in population improvement, providing new ideas and methods for maize breeding. In summary, maize live haploid technology is an efficient and rapid breeding method with broad application prospects. In the process of corn breeding, combining live haploid technology can accelerate the pace of quality improvement and yield increase, providing strong support for the healthy development of the corn industry.

Key words: corn, live haploid, breeding, formation mechanism, identification, double, molecular breeding, excellent inbred lines, population improvement

张峻, 吴娟娟, 罗哲喜. 玉米活体单倍体育种研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(10): 7-17.

ZHANG Jun, WU Juanjuan, LUO Zhexi. Research Progress on Live Haploid Breeding of Maize[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(10): 7-17.

图/表 1

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