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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 53-60.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0595

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国地表覆盖措施对土壤水热、温室气体排放及作物生长影响的研究进展

陈鑫敏(), 肖登攀(), 路杨   

  1. 河北师范大学地理科学学院,河北省环境演变与生态建设实验室,石家庄 050024
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09 修回日期:2025-03-12 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-24
  • 通讯作者:
    肖登攀,男,1982年出生,河北张北人,教授,博士,主要从事气候变化及农业生态研究。通信地址:050024 河北省石家庄市裕华区南二环东路20号 河北师范大学,Tel:0311-80787600,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    陈鑫敏,男,2000年出生,河北邢台人,硕士研究生,主要从事作物种植结构调整及其影响研究。通信地址:050024 河北省石家庄市裕华区南二环东路20号 河北师范大学,Tel:0311-80787600,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“适应气候变化的华北平原作物种植制度调整与优化”(42377483); 河北省杰出青年基金“适应未来气候变化的华北平原作物种植模式调整与管理措施优化研究”(D2022205010); 河北省自然科学基金“定量化冬小麦作物机理模型遗传参数实现品种设计研究”(D2023205034); 河北师范大学博士科研启动项目“适应气候变化的种植模式调整和管理优化”(L2023B38)

Research Progress on Effects of Land Cover Measures on Soil Water & Temperature, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crop Growth in China

CHEN Xinmin(), XIAO Dengpan(), LU Yang   

  1. College of Geography Science, Hebei Normal University, Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050024
  • Received:2024-09-09 Revised:2025-03-12 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-24

摘要:

地表覆盖作为实现农业绿色高效和可持续发展的关键措施,能够调节土壤水热、促进作物生长并减少温室气体排放。本研究旨在明确农业生产中地表覆盖措施对土壤水热、温室气体排放、作物生长及产量的影响,从而为农田地表管理提供科学指导。基于不同地表覆盖管理及其影响的研究,通过3种典型地表覆盖措施(秸秆、地膜和绿肥覆盖)土壤水热、温室气体排放和作物生长影响的综述,结果表明:(1)秸秆和地膜覆盖能够有效调节土壤水热;(2)秸秆由于自身腐化增加温室气体排放;地膜覆盖易形成厌氧环境,导致CH4增加;(3)秸秆和地膜覆盖都能通过调节土壤水热来促进作物生长,且以增产效果为主,秸秆和绿肥覆盖能为作物生长提供更多养分,提升土地肥力,改善作物的性状和品质。总体而言,合理的地表覆盖措施对土壤肥力、作物产量以及温室气体减排有着积极作用,有助于保护耕地墒情、改善土壤质量、促进作物生长、提高作物产量,这对实现农业用地养地、提质增效、绿色发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 地表覆盖措施, 秸秆覆盖, 地膜覆盖, 绿肥

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the impact of land cover measures on soil water and temperature, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop growth and yield in agricultural production, with the goal of providing scientific guidance for farmland surface management. Based on the study of different land cover managements and their effects, the study reviewed the effects of three typical land cover measures (straw mulching, plastic mulching and green manure) on soil water and heat, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop growth. The results showed that: (1) straw mulching and plastic mulching effectively regulated soil water and temperature. (2) Straw mulching increased greenhouse gas emissions due to its decay, while plastic mulching facilitated the formation of anaerobic environments, leading to an increase in CH4 emissions. (3) Both straw mulching and plastic mulching regulated soil water temperature to promote crop growth, primarily by increasing production. Additionally, straw mulching and green manure provided more nutrients for crop growth, improved soil fertility, and enhanced crop characteristics and quality. On the whole, the study concluded that reasonable land cover measures had positively affected soil fertility, crop yield and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. These measures helped to protect soil moisture content, improve soil quality, promote crop growth, and increase crop yield, which were crucial for achieving the goals of agricultural land cultivation, quality and efficiency improvement, and green development.

Key words: land cover measures, straw mulching, plastic mulching, green manure