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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (14): 101-110.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0083

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴达木盆地二十四节气降水非均匀性变化对枸杞产量和发育期的影响

许学莲1,2(), 颜亮东3(), 马军1(), 雷玉红1, 文生祥1, 陈丽雯1   

  1. 1 青海省格尔木市气象局，青海格尔木 816099
    2 青海省防灾减灾重点实验室，西宁 810001
    3 青海省气象科学研究所，西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-05 修回日期:2025-01-17 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-14
  • 通讯作者:
    颜亮东，男，1967年出生，青海互助人，正高级工程师，主要从事农业气象与生态环境方面的研究。通信地址：810001 五四大街19号青海省气象科学研究所，Tel：0971-6135464，E-mail：；
    马军，男，1980年出生，青海湟源人，高级工程师，主要从事综合气象观测方面的研究。通信地址：816099 青海省格尔木市气象局大众路17号，Tel：0979-8490315，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    许学莲，女，1982年出生，青海乐都人，副高级工程师，主要从事综合观测和气候变化方面的研究。通信地址：816099 青海省格尔木市气象局大众路17号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“高寒枸杞花蕾期低温冷害指标研究(41765008)”。

Effect of Precipitation Heterogeneity in 24 Solar Terms on Yield and Growth Stage of Lycium barbarum in Qaidam Basin

XU Xuelian1,2(), YAN Liangdong3(), MA Jun1(), LEI Yuhong1, WEN Shengxiang1, CHEN Liwen1   

  1. 1 Geermu Meteorological Bureau, Geermu, Qinghai 816099
    2 Qinghai Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Xining 810001
    3 Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Xining 810001
  • Received:2024-02-05 Revised:2025-01-17 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-05-14

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摘要：

为深入探究柴达木盆地二十四节气降水的非均匀性变化规律，及其对枸杞产量和发育期的影响，本研究运用1961—2020年柴达木盆地10个气象站的逐日降水资料，采用数理统计、反距离权重插值（IDW）方法、Mann-Kendall突变检验等统计方法，对二十四节气降水集中度(PCD)与集中期(PCP)的时空变化特征及突变情况进行分析。结果显示，从整体来看，二十四节气的年降水量呈增加趋势，在空间上由东向西递减，西部降水的变异系数（Cv）明显大于东部，降水量在2000年突变为下降趋势，2001年突变为上升趋势；降水集中度（PCD）呈现出不明显的减小趋势，降水分配趋于均匀化，最高值为0.83（1984年），最低值为0.55（2007年）且空间分布差异较大，由东向西呈现出小—大—小—大的变化格局；降水集中期（PCP）呈现出不明显的提前趋势，最高值出现在大暑与立秋之间，最低值出现在小满与芒种之间，从东到西呈“晚—早—晚—早”的空间分布；60 a内降水集中度（PCD）未发生突变；降水集中期（PCP）共发生5次突变，其中3次突变为下降，2次突变为上升。二十四节气降水量对枸杞产量有显著影响，而二十四节气降水集中度和降水集中期对枸杞产量的影响较小。柴达木盆地枸杞发育期关键期的不同阶段受二十四节气降水量、降水集中度和集中期的影响完全不同。

关键词: 二十四节气, 降水量, 非均匀性变化, 枸杞, 产量, 发育期, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

In order to study the heterogeneity of precipitation in the 24 solar terms in Qaidam Basin and its influence on the yield and growth stage of Lycium barbarum, daily precipitation data from 10 stations in Qaidam Basin during 1961-2020 were used by mathematical statistics, inverse distance weight interpolation (IDW) method, Mann-Kendall mutation test and other statistical methods. The characteristics of temporal and spatial variation, periodic variation and mutation test of precipitation concentration and concentration period in 24 solar terms were analyzed. The results showed that the annual precipitation of the 24 solar terms showed an overall increasing trend and decreased from east to west in space. The Cv value of precipitation in the west was obviously greater than that in the east, and the precipitation showed a decreasing trend in 2000 and an increasing trend in 2001. PCD showed an insignificant decreasing trend, and the precipitation distribution tended to be uniform. The maximum value was 0.83 (in 1984), and the minimum value was 0.55 (in 2007). The spatial distribution was different, showing a small-large-small-large change pattern from east to west. PCP showed an insignificant advance trend, the highest value appeared between‘Great Heat’and‘Start of Autumn’, and the lowest value appeared between‘Grain Buds’and‘Grain in Ear’, and showed a ‘late-early-early-late-early’ spatial distribution from east to west. There was no mutation of PCD in 60 years. There were 5 mutations in PCP, 3 mutations were decreased and 2 mutations were increased. The precipitation of the 24 solar terms has a significant effect on the yield of Lycium barbarum, but the precipitation concentration and the precipitation concentration period of the 24 solar terms have little effect on the yield of Lycium barbarum. The influence of precipitation, concentration degree and concentration period of the 24 solar terms on the key stage of Lycium barbarum growth in Qaidam Basin is completely different.

Key words: 24 solar terms, precipitation, heterogeneous change, Lycium barbarum, yield, development period, Qaidam Basin