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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (16): 9-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0660

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

收获时期对工业大麻干物质产量及主要大麻素含量的影响

李学海, 边境, 曹焜, 张晓艳()   

  1. 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 修回日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2025-06-05 发布日期:2025-06-05
  • 通讯作者:
    张晓艳,女,1980年出生,黑龙江龙江人,助理研究员,博士研究生,主要从事汉麻育种与栽培学研究。通信地址:163319 黑龙江省大庆市博学大街43号 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,Tel:0459-8979537,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李学海,男,1998年出生,黑龙江林甸人,实习研究员,硕士研究生,主要从事汉麻栽培学研究。

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省科学院创新基金项目“汉麻协同生物有机肥对黑土健康的恢复作用”(CXJQ2024DQ01); 黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目“汉麻CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术体系构建及与高纤多抗汉麻种质创制”(CZKYF2022-1-A004); 黑龙江省科学院院所能力提升项目“麻类特色种质资源筛选与籽叶功能因子的挖掘利用研究”(YSTS2025DQ01)

Effects of Harvesting Periods on Dry Matter Yield and Main Cannabinoids Content of Industrial Hemp

LI Xuehai, BIAN Jing, CAO Kun, ZHANG Xiaoyan()   

  1. Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319
  • Received:2024-10-31 Revised:2025-04-22 Published:2025-06-05 Online:2025-06-05

摘要: 为探究工业大麻适宜收获时期,提升产量和品质,以‘汉麻7号’和‘赛麻一号’为试验材料,分析收获时期对工业大麻产量、产量性状及大麻二酚(CBD)、大麻萜酚(CBG)和四氢大麻酚(THC)含量的影响。结果表明,移栽后90~111 d(收获),2个品种花叶产量、株高、茎粗、第一分枝高、分枝数、单株花叶干重和单株茎干重均随收获时间的延长呈显著递增趋势,其中‘汉麻7号’产量及相关性状等指标表现优于‘赛麻一号’;2个品种的CBD总含量、THC总含量及CBG含量均随着收获时间的推移呈增加的趋势,且‘汉麻7号’的CBD总含量、THC总含量及CBG含量略高于‘赛麻一号’。相关性分析表明,2个品种的花叶产量及产量性状、主要大麻素含量与收获时间呈正相关。研究表明,适当延后收获可有效提升工业大麻产量及主要大麻素含量。

关键词: 工业大麻, 产量, 产量性状, 大麻素含量, 收获时期, 品种, 大麻二酚, 四氢大麻酚, 大麻萜酚, ‘汉麻7号’, ‘赛麻一号’

Abstract:

In order to explore the suitable harvest period of industrial hemp and improve yield and quality, the effects of ‘Hanma 7’ and ‘Saima 1’ were used as experimental materials to analyze the impact of different harvest periods on the yield, yield traits and CBD (cannabidiol), CBG (cannabigerol) and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content of industrial hemp. The results showed that 90-111d after transplanting, the flower and leaf yields, plant height, stem diameter, first branch height, number of branches, dry weight of flower and leaf per plant and dry weight of stem per plant showed a significant increase trend with the extension of harvest time, and the yield and related traits of ‘Hanma 7’ performed better than ‘Saima 1’. The total CBD content, THC content and CBG content of the two varieties increased with the harvest time, and the total CBD content, THC content and CBG content of ‘Hanma 7’ were slightly higher than that of ‘Saima 1’. Correlation analysis showed that the flower and leaf yields and yield traits, main cannabinoid content of the two varieties were positively correlated with harvest time. The study has shown that appropriate delayed harvest period can effectively increase the yield and main cannabinoid content of industrial hemp.

Key words: industrial hemp, yield, yield traits, cannabinoid content, harvest period, variety, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabigerol, ‘Hanma 7’, ‘Saima 1’