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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (17): 126-131.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0653

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

植物源农药活性成分提取方法的研究进展

刘东亮(), 曾凯, 刘春海()   

  1. 湖南省中医药研究院,长沙 410013
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-30 修回日期:2025-02-10 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 通讯作者:
    刘春海,男,1972年出生,研究员,博士,研究方向:中药与民族民间医药研究。通信地址:410013 湖南省长沙市岳麓区岳华路142号 湖南省中医药研究院,Tel:0731-88854257,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    刘东亮,男,1986年出生,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。通信地址:410013 湖南省长沙市岳麓区岳华路142号 湖南省中医药研究院,Tel:0731-88854257,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省“十四五”第二批中医药学科带头人才项目(湘中医药〔2024〕3号)

Research Progress in Extraction Methods for Active Ingredients of Plant-Derived Pesticides

LIU Dongliang(), ZENG Kai, LIU Chunhai()   

  1. Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013
  • Received:2024-10-30 Revised:2025-02-10 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-06-15

摘要:

植物源农药是从植物中提取加工的自然农药,通过综述其活性成分提取方法的研究进展,可为植物源农药的研发与应用提供参考。本文系统梳理了传统提取法和现代提取法的基本原理、应用实例及提取效果。传统提取法如浸渍法、索氏提取法,操作简便、成本低,但提取效率有限且易污染,快速萃取法虽能提高提取效率,但仍受限于溶剂选择和提取条件。现代提取技术如微波辅助提取、超声波萃取显著提效增纯,超临界流体萃取能实现高效的分离纯化,罐组式动态逆流提取通过优化流程布局提高了提取效率,膜分离技术和高速逆流色谱则实现了成分的进一步纯化。植物源农药活性成分的提取方法多样,传统与现代提取技术各有优劣,未来应根据植物源农药的特性和生产需求,科学合理地选择与应用提取、纯化方法。

关键词: 植物源农药, 活性成分, 提取方法, 研究进展, 传统提取法, 现代提取法

Abstract:

Plant-derived pesticides are processed natural agents obtained from botanical sources. Reviewing extraction advances of their active ingredients provides valuable references for the development and application of these pesticides. This article focuses on the extraction methods for active ingredients of plant- derived pesticides, systematically summarizing the basic principles, application examples, and extraction effects of both traditional and modern extraction methods through a literature review. Traditional extraction methods, such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction, are simple to operate and low-cost, but they have limited extraction efficiency and are prone to contamination. Rapid extraction methods can improve extraction efficiency, they are still limited by solvent selection and extraction conditions. Modern extraction technologies, such as microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasonic extraction, significantly enhance the efficiency and purity. Supercritical fluid extraction achieves efficient separation and purification, while dynamic countercurrent extraction using tank arrays improves extraction efficiency through optimized process layout. Membrane separation technology and high- speed countercurrent chromatography further purify components. Extraction methods for active ingredients of plantderived pesticides are diverse, with each traditional and modern extraction technique having its own strengths and weaknesses. In the future, extraction methods should be scientifically and reasonably selected and applied based on the characteristics of plant-derived pesticides and production needs.

Key words: plant- derived pesticides, active ingredients, extraction methods, research progress, traditional extraction methods, modern extraction methods