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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (17): 6-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0575

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米籽粒形态、结构特征与耐破碎性的关系研究

侯梁宇1(), 李文君2, 汪如荣3, 兰雪梅1, 程红玉1   

  1. 1 河西学院农业与生态工程学院，甘肃张掖 734000
    2 河西学院经济与管理学院，甘肃张掖 734000
    3 河西学院附属张掖人民医院，甘肃张掖 734000
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27 修回日期:2024-12-15 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 作者简介:

    侯梁宇，男，1985年出生，副教授，博士，研究方向：玉米全程机械化生产理论与技术。通信地址：734000 甘肃省张掖市甘州区北环路846号 河西学院农业与生态工程学院，Tel：0936-8287211，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省教育厅2023年高校教师创新基金项目“玉米籽粒形态、结构与耐破碎性的关系研究”(2023A-127); 河西学院博士科研启动基金项目“玉米籽粒脱水特征与灌浆的关系”(KYQD2024013); 甘肃省教育厅2022年高校教师创新基金项目“河西走廊玉米机械收获现状及农户技术采纳的影响因素研究”(2022A-125)

Relationship Between Morphological and Structural Characteristics of Corn Kernel and Its Breakage Resistance

HOU Liangyu1(), LI Wenjun2, WANG Rurong3, LAN Xuemei1, CHENG Hongyu1   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000
    2 College of Economics and Management, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000
    3 Zhangye People’s Hospital, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000
  • Received:2024-09-27 Revised:2024-12-15 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-06-15

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摘要：

为揭示玉米籽粒形态和内部结构对耐破碎性的影响机制，为宜机械粒收玉米品种的选育提供理论依据。以‘登海618’、‘迪卡159’和‘华美1号’为试材，通过CT扫描获取籽粒的形态与结构参数，结合静载压缩方法测定籽粒破裂力。研究结果显示，登海618粒长(6.85~14.03 mm)、粒厚(4.22~7.64 mm)和体积(74.16~313.79 mm3)最大，胚占比最高(10.49%~11.26%)；华美1号粒宽最大(5.71~8.75 mm)，皮下空腔占比最高(1.26%~2.05%)。进一步分析发现，不同部位的破裂力与籽粒各参数存在特定的相关性。胚面破裂力与粒长、粒宽、胚乳体积正相关；侧面破裂力与粒厚、皮下空腔体积正相关，与粒长负相关；冠部破裂力与籽粒体积、胚乳体积、粒厚正相关，其中粒厚是影响耐破碎性的关键参数。综上所述，本研究明确了籽粒形态、结构与力学特性的关系，为玉米籽粒性状的研究以及机械粒收品种的选育提供了重要参考。

关键词: 玉米, 籽粒耐破碎性, 籽粒形态, 籽粒结构, CT断层扫描, 静载压力, 机械粒收, 品种选育

Abstract:

This study aimed to reveal the influence of the morphology and internal structure of corn kernel on its breakage resistance, providing a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of corn cultivars suitable for mechanical grain harvesting. ‘DH618’, ‘DK159’ and ‘HM1’ were selected as tested cultivars, the morphological and structural parameters of kernel were obtained by CT scanning while kernel breaking force was measured by static compression test. The kernel of ‘DH618’was the largest in length (6.85-14.03 mm), thickness (4.22-7.64 mm) and volume (74.16-313.79 mm3), the proportion of its embryos in kernel was also the highest (10.49%-11.26%). The kernel of HM1 had the largest grain width (5.71-8.75 mm) and the highest subcutaneous cavity ratio (1.26%-2.05%). The relationship between the morphology, structure of corn kernel and its mechanical properties was identified, which would provide an essential reference for the study of corn kernel’s characters and conduce to the selection and breeding of corn cultivars favoring mechanical grain harvesting.

Key words: corn, kernel breakage resistance, kernel morphology, kernel internal structure, CT scanning, static compression, mechanical grain harvesting, selection and breeding