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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (17): 13-18.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0564

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

200份谷子种质资源表型遗传多样性分析及综合评价

李振姣()   

  1. 榆林市农业科学研究院,陕西榆林 719000
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27 修回日期:2024-12-15 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系“谷子高粱榆林综合试验站”(CARS-06-14.5-B27); 陕西省重点研发计划项目“榆林市谷子种质资源农艺性状鉴定及核心种质构建”(2023-YBNY-015)

Phenotypic Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of 200 millet Germplasm Resources

LI Zhenjiao()   

  1. Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000
  • Received:2024-09-27 Revised:2024-12-15 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-06-15

摘要:

本研究旨在深入了解榆林市现有谷子种质资源的遗传基础及其综合表现,为谷子育种提供科学参考。研究选取了来自不同地理环境的200份谷子资源为材料,运用变异分析、多样性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析以及相关分析等方法,对这些谷子资源进行了全面的评价与筛选。研究结果显示,在形态特征方面,大部分谷子具有绿色叶鞘、半上冲株型、圆锥穗、中等松紧、短刚毛以及黄色籽粒等特征。在遗传变异上,所有数量性状的遗传变异均达到极显著水平,表现出丰富的变异特性。其中,穗粗和单穗重的遗传多样性指数最大,均为2.06,而穗长的遗传多样性指数最小,为1.96。聚类分析结果表明,大部分种质资源聚在了第3类,占总资源的63.5%。主成分分析成功提取了5个主成分因子,其累计贡献率高达91.85%。通过利用隶属函数与权重对200份谷子种质资源进行综合评价,筛选出了D值排名前10的谷子品种,如‘晋谷45’等,这些品种综合性状表现良好。相关分析得出,在7个数量性状中,株高、穗粗、单穗重、穗粒重、出谷率这5个指标与综合评价D值的相关性达到极显著水平。

关键词: 谷子, 种质资源, 变异分析, 多样性分析, 聚类分析, 主成分分析, 相关分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

This study aimed to elucidate the genetic diversity and comprehensive agronomic performance of foxtail millet germplasm resources in Yulin City of Shaanxi, to support breeding programs. 200 geographically distinct millet accessions were evaluated using variation analysis, genetic diversity assessment, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis. Phenotypic characterization revealed the predominant traits including green leaf sheaths, semi-erect plant architecture, conical panicles, medium panicle compactness, short bristles, and yellow grain coloration. Quantitative trait analysis demonstrated highly significant genetic variation (P<0.01), with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity indices observed for panicle diameter (2.06) and single panicle weight (2.06), and the lowest for panicle length (1.96). Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance and Ward’s method classified 63.5% of accessions into Cluster III. PCA extracted five principal components, accounting for 91.85% cumulative variance contribution. A weighted comprehensive evaluation (D-value) using membership functions identified ten superior cultivars, including ‘Jingu 45’, ranked by D-value. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations (P<0.01) between the D-value and five key traits, including plant height, panicle diameter, single panicle weight, panicle grain weight, and threshing percentage. These findings highlight the rich genetic diversity of Yulin’s millet germplasm. The top-ranked cultivars exhibit potential for regional promotion and breeding applications, while the five core traits serve as critical indicators for germplasm evaluation.

Key words: millet, germplasm resources, variation analysis, diversity analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, comprehensive evaluation