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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (17): 19-23.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0802

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同花生品种(系)主要性状比较分析

张果(), 杨海棠(), 范筠   

  1. 郑州市农业科技研究院,郑州 450005
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-21 修回日期:2024-10-12 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 通讯作者:
    杨海棠,女,1964年出生,河南巩义人,研究员,硕士研究生,主要从事花生遗传育种方面的研究。通信地址:450005 河南省郑州市中原区郑密路46号 郑州市农业科技研究院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张果,女,1987年出生,研究实习员,河南南阳人,硕士,主要从事花生遗传育种方面的研究。通信地址:450005 河南省郑州市中原区郑密路46号 郑州市农业科技研究院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河南优势特色农业产业科技支撑行动计划项目“优质花生产能提升与新型推广体系建设”(20230202002); 郑州市科技惠民计划项目“粮油作物新品种及病虫草害绿色防控技术示范应用”(2023KJHM0042)

Comparison Analysis of Major Characters of Different Peanut Varieties (Lines)

ZHANG Guo(), YANG Haitang(), FAN Yun   

  1. Zhengzhou Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 450005
  • Received:2023-11-21 Revised:2024-10-12 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-06-15

摘要:

本研究旨在通过综合评估不同花生品种(系)的植株性状、产量、营养成分和抗性性状,为花生品种改良提供科学依据。研究选取了8个不同品种(系)的花生作为材料,对关键性状和抗性表现进行了深入分析,并结合相关性分析,评估了不同品种间的遗传差异及其性状间的关联性。结果显示,油酸与亚油酸比值、亚油酸含量、油酸含量、百果重和单株饱果数的变异系数较大,分别为21.87%、11.08%和10.51%、11.07%和9.95%。相关性分析表明,荚果产量与籽仁产量、主茎高度与侧枝长度之间存在极显著的正相关关系,而总分枝数与结果枝数之间则呈现极显著的负相关关系。此外,分枝数、结果枝数和饱果数是影响产量潜力的关键因素。因此,提高花生产量的改良策略应聚焦于增加分枝数、结果枝数和饱果数。综合分析,‘商花21’品种在产量、抗倒性和抗病性方面表现最为优异,是河南省范围内推广种植的理想选择。本研究的发现为花生品种的遗传改良和产量提升提供了重要的理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 花生, 产量, 农艺性状, 品质性状, 相关性分析

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of peanut varieties by comprehensively evaluating the plant traits, yield, nutrient content and resistance traits of different peanut varieties (lines). Eight different peanut varieties (lines) were selected as materials for the study, and key traits and resistance performance were analyzed in depth and combined with correlation analyses to assess the genetic differences among different varieties and the correlations among their traits. The results of the study showed that the coefficients of variation for oleic acid to linoleic acid ratio, linoleic acid content, oleic acid content, 100-pods weight, and number of full pods per plant were high at 21.87%, 11.08%, 10.51%, 11.07%, and 9.95%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed highly significant positive correlations between pod yield and seed kernel yield, main stem height and lateral branch length, while highly significant negative correlations were observed between total number of branches and number of fruiting branches. In addition, number of branches, number of fruiting branches and number of full pods were key factors affecting yield potential. Therefore, improved strategies to increase peanut yield should focus on increasing the number of branches, fruiting branches, and the number of full pods. The comprehensive analysis results showed that 'Shanghua 21' variety was the best performer in terms of yield, resistance to inversion and disease, and it was an ideal choice for popularization of planting within Henan Province. The findings of this study provide an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the genetic improvement and yield enhancement of peanut varieties.

Key words: peanut, yield, agronomic traits, quality traits, correlation analysis