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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18): 17-25.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0768

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷钾配肥与微量元素施用对黑玉米产量和品质的影响

冯志珍1,2(), 陈太春3, 卢雨欣1,2, 窦秉德1,2, 戴佳锟1,2, 白亚妮1,2, 贾俊超1,2, 秦涛1,2()   

  1. 1 陕西省生物农业研究所，西安 710043
    2 陕西省酶工程技术研究中心，西安 710600
    3 西安市临潼区农技推广服务中心，西安 710600
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-06
  • 通讯作者:
    秦涛，男，1974年出生，陕西眉县人，副研究员，本科，主要从事微生物发酵研究。通信地址：710043 陕西省西安市咸宁中路125号 陕西省生物农业研究所，Tel：029-82291059，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    冯志珍，女，1986年出生，内蒙古呼和浩特人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事土壤保育修复研究。通信地址：710043 陕西省西安市咸宁中路125号 陕西省生物农业研究所，Tel：029-82291059，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科学院“一所一品”项目“生态高值特种玉米种质提升与健康食品产业化”(2021k-01); 陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目“生物技术中试研究科技共享服务平台”(2023-cX-Pt-12); 陕西省重点研发计划项目“陕南土石山区坡耕地改土培肥关键技术集成及示范”(2023-ZDLNY-54); 咸阳市科技计划项目“复方中药渣生物肥料开发及其在设施蔬菜连作障碍中的产业化推广”(L2022-QCYZXNY-006); 西安市科技局农业重点产业链关键技术攻关项目“高花青素玉米种质资源创新与新品种选育和示范”(22NYGG0002)

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers and Micro Elements Application on Yield and Quality of Black Corn

FENG Zhizhen1,2(), CHEN Taichun3, LU Yuxin1,2, DOU Bingde1,2, DAI Jiakun1,2, BAI Yani1,2, JIA Junchao1,2, QIN Tao1,2()   

  1. 1 Bio-agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710043
    2 Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710600
    3 Xi’an Lintong District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Xi’an 710600
  • Received:2024-12-03 Revised:2025-05-19 Published:2025-06-25 Online:2025-07-06

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摘要：

为探明氮磷钾配肥与微量元素施用对黑玉米产量和品质的影响，以自主选育的黑玉米‘SK9179’‘SK9176’和‘SK9115’为供试材料，采取多点对比重复试验设计，分别研究氮磷钾元素配比为2:1:2和2:1:1的配方肥，以及在此基础上追施微量元素锌和硼，对黑玉米产量和品质的影响。结果表明：2:1:2和2:1:1的2种氮磷钾配肥比例均可提高黑玉米产量和品质，尤以2:1:2配比效果较佳。在2:1:2比例下追施0.75%硫酸锌，黑玉米‘SK9179’产量最高达到18223.5 kg/hm2，玉米籽粒和玉米棒中花青苷含量高达0.40%和1.68%。硫酸锌和硼砂联合施用会降低黑玉米产量和品质。土壤中氮元素过高影响黑玉米中花青苷累积与产量形成，建议在黑玉米种植中适当减少氮肥施用量，增加磷肥和钾肥施用量。

关键词: 黑玉米, 氮磷钾配肥, 微量元素, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the impacts of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, as well as micro elements, on the yield and quality of black corn, black corn ‘SK9179’, ‘SK9176’ and ‘SK9115’, which were self-selected breeding, were taken as test materials, and a multi-point comparison and repeated test design was carried out. The effects of formula fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios of 2:1:2 and 2:1:1， and the supplementary application of the micro elements zinc and boron on the yield and quality of black corn were investigated. Both the 2:1:2 and 2:1:1 NPK ratios were found to enhance the yield and quality of black corn, with the ratio 2:1:2 demonstrating the most favorable results. Applying 0.75% zinc sulfate at the ratio of 2:1:2, the yield of ‘SK9179’ black corn reached the highest 18223.5 kg/hm2, and the anthocyanin contents in the corn kernels and cobs were as high as 0.40% and 1.68%, respectively. However, the combined application of zinc sulfate and borax was observed to decrease the yield and quality of black corn. An excessive amount of nitrogen in the soil had a negative impact on the accumulation of anthocyanins and the formation of yield in black corn. Therefore, it was recommended that during the cultivation of black corn, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, while the application amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased.

Key words: black corn, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, micro elements, yield, quality