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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (23): 53-63.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0044

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

富硅土壤改良肥料对旺长期植烟土壤微生物群落结构影响

魏康凯1(), 陈厚任2, 张泽林2, 孔广超2, 李兴红2, 高庭猛3, 黄飞燕3(), 农晚意3()   

  1. 1 重庆中烟工业有限责任公司，重庆 400060
    2 云南省烟草公司临沧市公司，云南临沧 677000
    3 昆明学院，农学与生命科学学院/云南省都市特色农业工程技术研究中心，昆明 650214
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-08 修回日期:2025-06-11 出版日期:2025-08-19 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 通讯作者:
    黄飞燕，女，1984年出生，四川德阳人，研究员，博士，主要从事植物保护相关研究。通信地址：650214 昆明市经开区浦新路2号，Tel：0817-65098046，E-mail：。
    农晚意，女，1998年出生，云南文山人，助理农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草优质原料生产研究。通信地址：663400 云南省文山州富宁县文苑路富宁县农业农村和科学技术局，Tel：0876-6122235，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    魏康凯，男，1989年出生，山东聊城人，助理农艺师，本科，主要从事烟叶原料生产研究。通信地址：400000 重庆市南岸区南坪东路2号宏声大厦21-4，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司重庆中烟工业有限责任公司项目“重庆中烟双江烟叶基地关键生产技术优化及应用”(2022533517000895); 云南省科技厅基础研究专项面上项目“MicroRNA调控烟草响应黑胫病菌胁迫的分子机制研究”(202401AT070034)

Impact of Silicon-enriched Soil Amendment Fertilizers on Composition of Microbial Community in Tobacco-growing Soils During Vigorous Growing Period

WEI Kangkai1(), CHEN Houren2, ZHANG Zelin2, KONG Guangchao2, LI Xinghong2, GAO Tingmeng3, HUANG Feiyan3(), NONG Wanyi3()   

  1. 1 China Tobacco (Chongqing) Industry Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060
    2 Lincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang, Yunnan 677000
    3 College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University/Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Urban Agriculture, Kunming 650214
  • Received:2025-01-08 Revised:2025-06-11 Published:2025-08-19 Online:2025-08-19

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摘要：

本研究旨在阐明施用富硅土壤改良肥料对植烟土壤中微生物群落结构与功能的影响，并解析关键功能性微生物对土壤养分循环及烤烟产量与品质的调控机制。以‘K326’烤烟品种烟株根系土壤为试验材料，设置两个处理：处理组（T）在当地常规施肥（有机肥基施）基础上增施硅肥（75 kg/hm²），对照组（CK）仅施用常规施肥。通过观测烟株田间农艺性状和烤后烟叶经济性状，结合Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，分析两组根际土壤真菌、细菌群落结构、功能基因组成及常规理化性质。结果表明，与CK相比，T组土壤有效磷、有机质含量和pH显著提高，烟株农艺性状和烤后烟叶经济性状亦显著改善。在门水平上，两组处理的真菌和细菌群落组成差异不显著（P>0.05）。主要真菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota ）；主要细菌门为放线菌门（Actinobacteriota ）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria ）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes ）。在属水平上，T组富硅处理下的优势菌属包括镰刀菌属（Fusarium ）、Saitozyma 、毛壳菌属（Chaetomium ）和鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas ），且 unclassified_k__Fungi 为T组所特有。相关性分析显示，毛壳菌属（Chaetomium ）、Saitozyma 、unclassified_c__Sordariomycetes 、Bradyrhizobium 和 norank_f__JG30-KF-AS9 与土壤养分呈显著正相关；有效氮含量和pH主要受真菌群落影响，而有机质含量与细菌群落关系更为密切。与CK相比，T组显著降低了根际土壤真菌群落的Alpha多样性（物种丰富度），其真菌群落以腐生营养型为主；同时，显著提高了细菌群落的Alpha多样性及基于KEGG数据库预测的KO数量（Beta多样性，功能潜力）。综上，富硅土壤改良肥料通过优化根际微生物群落（降低真菌多样性、提升细菌多样性及功能潜力），促进有益微生物如毛壳菌属（Chaetomium ）和Saitozyma 等与土壤养分的正向互作，有效提升了土壤肥力（有机质、有效磷）、调节了土壤酸碱度（pH），最终显著提高了烤烟的农艺性状、经济产量与品质。本研究从微生物群落结构与功能预测角度，阐明了富硅肥料改良高海拔酸化沙土的作用机制，为相似生态区烤烟生产的科学施肥及基于土壤微生物调控的肥料（如微生物菌剂）研发提供了理论依据。

关键词: Illumina Mi Seq, 土壤改良, 微生物结构, 功能预测

Abstract:

To explore the changes of microbial community structure in tobacco-planting soil after application of silicon-rich soil improvement fertilizer and the effects of functional flora on soil nutrients and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, the root soil of flue-cured tobacco variety ‘K326’ was used as the experimental material, and the silicon fertilizer of 75 kg/hm2 was supplemented under the condition of conventional application of organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and the local conventional fertilization scheme was used as the control. By recording the agronomic traits of tobacco plants in the field and the economic traits of tobacco leaves, the Illumina Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing was used to measure the fungi, bacteria genes and conventional physical and chemical properties of tobacco root soil in the two treatments. The results showed that the soil available phosphorus, organic matter content and pH, agronomic traits of tobacco plants and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves treated with silicon-rich soil improvement fertilizer were significantly higher than those of the control treatment. There was no significant difference in the classification level of fungi and bacteria between the two treatments. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the main fungi and bacteria. At the genus level, Fusarium, Saitozyma, Chaetomium and Sphingomonas were the dominant genera in the silicon-rich soil improvement fertilizer treatment, and unclassified_k__Fungi was the unique genus in this treatment. Among them, Chaetomium, Saitozyma, unclassified_c__Sordariomycetes, Bradyrhizobium and norank_f_JG30-KF-AS9 showed a significant positive correlation with soil nutrients. Effective nitrogen content and pH were greatly affected by fungal microorganisms, and organic matter was greatly affected by bacterial microorganisms. The richness of fungal species in the root soil of tobacco plants treated with silicon-rich soil improvement fertilizer was lower than that of the control treatment, and saprotroph fungi were the main fungal types. The bacterial species richness and KO number were significantly higher than those of the control treatment. The results showed that the application of silicon-rich soil improved fertilizer could not only increase the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco, but also supplement soil fertility and regulate soil acidity, and slow down the acidification degree of sandy soil. In this study, the effects of soil improvement fertilizer on acidified sandy soil in high altitude area were compared from the perspective of soil microbial structure and function prediction, in order to provide scientific reference for the scientific and reasonable application of agricultural production fertilizer and the production of microbial fertilizer in similar areas.

Key words: Illumina Mi Seq, soil enhancement, microbial composition, prediction of functions