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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (19): 103-109.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0028

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

复耕土壤改良与培肥研究进展

郭梦凡1(), 王冲1, 曲明山2, 刘磊3, 聂青2, 庄明浩1, 李婷2()   

  1. 1 中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100091
    2 北京市农业技术推广站，北京 100029
    3 北京市通州区农业（种植）技术推广中心，北京 101101
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-03 修回日期:2025-05-21 出版日期:2025-07-05 发布日期:2025-07-10
  • 通讯作者:
    李婷，女，1987年出生，陕西渭南人，正高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事科学施肥技术研究工作。通信地址：100029 北京市朝阳区惠新里高原街甲十号，Tel：010-84643513，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    郭梦凡，女，2001年出生，山东菏泽人，在读硕士，研究方向：复耕土壤改良及大田作物种植。通信地址：100091 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市农业农村局项目“北京市农田生态环境治理技术支撑项目”(11000025T000003337215)

Research Progress on Soil Improvement and Fertilization for Recultivation

GUO Mengfan1(), WANG Chong1, QU Mingshan2, LIU Lei3, NIE Qing2, ZHUANG Minghao1, LI Ting2()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091
    2 Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029
    3 Beijing Tongzhou District Agricultural (Planting) Technology Extension Center, Beijing 101101
  • Received:2025-01-03 Revised:2025-05-21 Published:2025-07-05 Online:2025-07-10

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摘要：

土地复耕能增加耕地面积，为粮食安全提供生产基础，同时能减少非农业用地对耕地资源的占用，有助于保护农业生态。相比于常年耕种的土壤，复耕土壤肥力低、物理结构差、微生态环境恶劣，需要通过后续土壤改良技术以及培肥技术来提升复耕土壤质量。通过对有关复耕土壤改良和培肥技术的归纳，探讨复耕土壤可持续利用的现状，指出目前中国复耕土壤可持续利用存在的问题并提出针对性建议，为更好地开展复耕土壤可持续利用提供参考。研究表明，复耕土壤的改良应该依据不同土壤条件具体分析，建筑土地、林地、经济作物用地等要选择合适的土壤改良方法，以提高土壤质量，改善土壤养分。复耕土壤改良主要包括物理、化学和生物改良技术，目前多采用联合改良技术。复耕地可以通过培肥调节土壤养分状况、改善土壤条件，为植物生长创造良好的土壤生态环境，主要途径包括添加有机肥和微量元素肥、进行配方施肥、农艺措施培肥等。为进一步促进复耕土壤的合理利用，明确复耕土壤的改良和培肥机制，需要从以下方面进行完善：构建复耕土壤的保育技术体系，对复耕土壤进行多角度、多层次的综合治理；建立复耕土壤的质量评价指标体系；发挥复耕土地的生态服务功能。

关键词: 土壤改良, 植物生产力, 土壤培肥, 有机肥, 微量元素肥, 配方施肥

Abstract:

Land recultivation can increase the area of cultivated land, provide a production basis for food security, reduce the occupation of cultivated land resources by non-agricultural land, and help protect agricultural ecology. Compared with the soil cultivated all year round, the recultivated soil has low soil fertility, poor physical structure and poor micro-ecological environment. It is necessary to improve the quality of recultivated soil through subsequent soil improvement technology and fertilization technology. Through the summary of the current soil improvement and fertilization technology in China, the current situation of sustainable utilization of recultivated soil was discussed, and the problems existing in the sustainable utilization of recultivated soil in China were pointed out and targeted suggestions were put forward, so as to provide guidance for better sustainable utilization of recultivated soil and ensure food security. The research showed that the improvement of recultivated soil should be analyzed according to different soil conditions. Suitable soil improvement methods should be selected for construction land, forest land and economic crop land to improve soil quality and improve soil nutrients. Re-tillage soil improvement mainly includes physical, chemical and biological improvement techniques. At present, combined improvement techniques are mostly used. The compound cultivated land could regulate soil nutrient status, improve soil conditions and create a good soil ecological environment for plant growth through fertilization. The main ways include adding organic fertilizer, trace element fertilizer, formula fertilization and agronomic measures to fertilize. In order to further promote the rational utilization of recultivated soil and clarify the improvement and fertilization mechanism of recultivated soil, it is necessary to improve the following aspects: constructing the conservation technology system of re-cultivated soil, and carrying out multi-angle and multi-level comprehensive management of recultivated soil; establishing the quality evaluation index system of recultivated soil; playing the ecological service function of recultivated land.

Key words: soil improvement, plant productivity, soil fertilization, organic fertilizer, trace element fertilizer, formula fertilization