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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 39-49.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0536

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

水热裂解产物复配液体肥对甘薯生长和养分利用的影响

唐朝臣1(), 陈迪文2, 周文灵2, 杨义伶1, 敖俊华2, 王章英1, 黄振瑞1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广州 510640
    2 广东省科学院南繁种业研究所,广州 516310
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-14 修回日期:2024-12-24 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
  • 通讯作者:
    黄振瑞,男,1980年出生,福建漳州人,研究员,博士,研究方向:作物栽培管理。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河区五山街道金颖西二街18号 广东省农业科学院作物研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    唐朝臣,男,1988年出生,安徽马鞍山人,助理研究员,博士,研究方向:甘薯品质改良及低碳栽培。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河区五山街道金颖西二街18号 广东省农业科学院作物研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目“县域多源固废综合处置关键技术及装备的研发与集成示范”(2020B1111380001); 广东省农业科学院青年副研究员培养项目“IbWRKY33基因在甘薯种内杂交不亲和反应中的功能研究”(R2021PY-QF005); 广州市科技计划项目“华南地区稻薯轮作模式对土壤有机碳固持的影响及其机制”(2023A04J0129)

Effects of Liquid Fertilizers Compounded from Hydrothermal Cracking Products on Sweet Potato Growth and Nutrient Utilization

TANG Chaochen1(), CHEN Diwen2, ZHOU Wenling2, YANG Yiling1, AO Junhua2, WANG Zhangying1, HUANG Zhenrui1()   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, Guangzhou 510640
    2 Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 516310
  • Received:2024-08-14 Revised:2024-12-24 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-03-14

摘要: 基于农林废弃物水热裂解产物复配的液体肥,研究不同施肥处理对甘薯生长、养分利用率和土壤质量的影响。通过在广东省湛江市遂溪县北坡镇开展试验,以‘普薯32’为供试甘薯品种,采用随机区组设计,设置5个处理:不施肥(CK)、常规固体水溶肥(CF)、常规固体水溶肥+微量元素型液体肥(CFMI)、大量元素型液体肥(MA)和大量元素型+微量元素型液体肥(MAMI),量化分析各施肥处理对甘薯产量和品质、经济效益、养分吸收与利用效率、土壤理化性质的影响。结果显示:与CK处理相比,所有施肥处理下的甘薯产量、品质和经济收益均显著提高;与CF处理相比,施用水热裂解液体肥显著提高了甘薯单株商品薯数和单薯重,鲜薯产量、商品薯产量和商品薯率,以及可溶性糖、维生素C和胡萝卜素含量,特别是在MAMI处理下,鲜薯产量和商品薯产量分别提高了13.7%和19.8%,产投比提高了16.3%,表现出显著的增产和增收效益。同时,施用水热裂解液体肥不会显著降低土壤pH,也不会导致土壤养分过量积累,反而提高了养分(氮、磷、钾)利用率和农学效率,减少了资源浪费。研究表明,基于农林废弃物水热裂解产物复配的液体肥是一种高效肥料,能够促进甘薯增产提质,改善土壤环境。研究为水热裂解液体肥料在甘薯上的应用提供了理论依据,以期在甘薯的绿色低碳栽培和高产高效生产中发挥重要作用。

关键词: 甘薯, 液体肥, 有机肥, 水热裂解产物, 水肥一体化

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different fertilization treatments on sweet potato growth, nutrient utilization, and soil quality using liquid fertilizers compounded from hydrothermal cracking products of agricultural and forestry residues, to provide a scientific basis for the application of hydrothermal cracking liquid fertilizers in sweet potato cultivation. A randomized block design was conducted with five treatments: no fertilizer (CK), conventional solid water-soluble fertilizer (CF), conventional solid water-soluble fertilizer plus micro-element liquid fertilizer (CFMI), macro-element liquid fertilizer (MA), and macro-element plus micro-element liquid fertilizer (MAMI). Quantitative analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of these fertilization treatments on sweet potato yield and quality, economic benefits, nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that compared to the CK treatment, all fertilization treatments significantly enhanced sweet potato yield, quality and economic benefits. Compared to the CF treatment, the application of hydrothermal cracking liquid fertilizers significantly increased the number of marketable roots per plant, individual root weight, fresh root yield, marketable root yield and the proportion of marketable roots, as well as the content of soluble sugar, vitamin C and carotene. Particularly under the MAMI treatment, the fresh root yield and marketable root yield increased by 13.7% and 19.8%, respectively, and the output/input ratio improved by 16.3%, demonstrating significant enhancement of yield and economic benefits. Additionally, the use of hydrothermal cracking liquid fertilizers did not significantly reduce soil pH nor did it lead to excessive nutrient accumulation. However, it enhanced nutrient (N, P, K) utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency, thereby reducing resource waste. In summary, liquid fertilizers compounded from hydrothermal cracking products of agricultural and forestry residues are highly efficient, which can promote the yield and quality of sweet potatoes and improve the soil environment. The results support the potential agricultural application of hydrothermal cracking liquid fertilizers in sustainable sweet potato cultivation.

Key words: sweet potato, liquid fertilizer, organic fertilizer, hydrothermal decomposition products, integrated water and fertilizer