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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18): 8-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0633

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基施有机肥对冬小麦产量及土壤理化性质的影响

于丽萍1,2(), 王丽君1, 梁孟菊3, 王璐1, 孙金阳2, 张俊鹏2, 侯翔皓2()   

  1. 1 山东省昌邑市农业农村发展服务中心,山东潍坊 261399
    2 山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安 271018
    3 山东省昌邑市卜庄镇农业农村综合服务中心,山东潍坊 261313
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30 修回日期:2025-04-21 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-06
  • 通讯作者:
    侯翔皓,男,1993年生,山东枣庄人,副教授,博士,研究方向:节水灌溉与农田水肥高效利用。通信地址:271018 山东省泰安市岱宗大街61号 山东农业大学,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    于丽萍,女,1975年生,山东昌邑人,农艺师,本科,研究方向:土壤肥料。通信地址:261300 山东省昌邑市交通街68号,Tel:0536-5591779,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划“乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划”(2023TZXD011)

Effects of Base Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield of Winter Wheat and Soil Physical-chemical Properties

YU Liping1,2(), WANG Lijun1, LIANG Mengju3, WANG Lu1, SUN Jinyang2, ZHANG Junpeng2, HOU Xianghao2()   

  1. 1 Shandong Province Changyi Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center, Weifang, Shandong 261399
    2 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018
    3 Buzhuang Town Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center of Changyi City, Weifang, Shandong 261313
  • Received:2024-09-30 Revised:2025-04-21 Published:2025-06-25 Online:2025-07-06

摘要:

为深入探究化肥减量配施有机肥对冬小麦土壤理化性质和产量构成的影响,于2022—2023年在山东省昌邑市卜庄镇北泊村开展大田试验,以冬小麦‘济麦44’为试验材料,设置基施90%化肥+10%有机肥(T1)、80%化肥+20%有机肥(T2)、70%化肥+30%有机肥(T3)、60%化肥+40%有机肥(T4)和100%化肥为对照(CK)共5个处理,研究不同施肥处理对土壤理化性质和冬小麦株高、穗长、产量及其构成要素的影响,基于TOPSIS法对不同处理下的土壤水稳性大团聚体含量、土壤电导率、土壤有机质含量以及冬小麦籽粒产量进行综合评价。试验结果显示:土壤水稳性大团聚体含量以及土壤有机质含量随着有机肥施用量的增加而增大,其中T3和T4施肥条件下的土壤水稳性大团聚体含量和土壤有机质含量显著高于CK处理;土壤电导率与有机肥施用量呈负相关关系,且不同施肥处理下的土壤pH没有显著差异。冬小麦产量随着有机肥的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,T3处理下冬小麦籽粒产量最高,与CK相比,T3处理下冬小麦穗粒数、穗数、千粒重和籽粒产量分别增加3.08%、1.21%、5.71%和10.30%。研究发现,T3处理在改善麦田土壤理化性质以及提高冬小麦产量上表现最优,可以考虑作为试验区冬小麦生产的推荐施肥方式,并进一步推广应用。

关键词: 有机肥替代化肥, 土壤有机质, 水稳性大团聚体, 土壤电导率, 冬小麦产量, TOPSIS法

Abstract:

Organic fertilizers have been widely used in farmland systems for reducing the adverse effects of fertilizer input on farmland environment and crop yield. A field study was conducted from 2022-2023 with the winter wheat ‘Jimai 44’ as the material, and four experimental treatments including 90% chemical fertilizer + 10% organic fertilizer, 80% chemical fertilizer + 20% organic fertilizer, 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% organic fertilizer, 60% chemical fertilizer + 40% organic fertilizer (represented by T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) were set, and 100% chemical fertilizer was set as the control (represented by CK) to investigated the effects of fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on yield components of winter wheat and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that the content of soil water stability macroaggregates and soil organic matter increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application, and the soil water stability macroaggregates and soil organic matter under T3 and T4 treatment significantly higher than that under CK treatment. Meanwhile, a negatively correlation between soil electrical conductivity and organic fertilizer application was found, and there was no significant difference in soil pH under various fertilization treatments. The yield of winter wheat showed first increased and then decreased trend with the increase of organic fertilizer application, and the highest yield of winter wheat was found under T3 treatment (base fertilizer contained 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% organic fertilizer), the number of grains, the number of ears per hectare, thousand grain weight and grain yield of winter wheat under T3 treatment increased by 3.08%, 1.21%, 5.71% and 10.30% compared to those under CK treatment, respectively. Ultimately, T3 treatment had the best performance in improving the physicochemical properties of soil in wheat fields and increasing the yield of winter wheat based on TOPSIS method of entropy weight method, which can be considered as the recommended fertilization method for winter wheat production in experimental areas.

Key words: organic fertilizer substitution of chemical fertilizer, soil organic matter, water stability macroaggregates, soil electrical conductivity, yield of winter wheat, TOPSIS method