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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (30): 90-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0323

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

自然堆腐条件下园林废弃物高效纤维素降解菌筛选与鉴定

郑萍1(), 刘佳莉2(), 何鑫2, 王羽萱1, 杜洁2, 穆立蔷1()   

  1. 1 东北林业大学, 哈尔滨 150040
    2 河北环境工程学院/河北省农业生态安全重点实验室, 河北秦皇岛 066102
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22 修回日期:2025-06-15 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-04
  • 通讯作者:
    穆立蔷,女,1966年出生,黑龙江宁安人,教授,研究生,博士,研究方向:植物保护与利用研究。通信地址:150040 黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区和兴路26号 东北林业大学,Tel:13351688417,E-mail:
    刘佳莉,女,1986年出生,吉林梨树人,副教授,研究生,博士,研究方向:环境微生物。通信地址:066102 河北省秦皇岛市北戴河区金港大道8号 河北环境工程学院,Tel:17333520717,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    郑萍,女,1999年出生,山东临沂人,研究生,研究方向:森林植物资源保护与利用。通信地址:150040 黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区和兴路26号 东北林业大学,Tel:19819196471,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河北环境工程学院校级科研项目青年项目(自然科学类)“农业废弃物腐熟还田固碳培肥技术的研究”(XJXM-QN-2024004)

Screening and Identification of High Efficiency Cellulose -degrading Bacteria for Garden Waste Under Natural Composting Conditions

ZHENG Ping1(), LIU Jiali2(), HE Xin2, WANG Yuxuan1, DU Jie2, MU Liqiang1()   

  1. 1 Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
    2 Hebei University of Environmental Engineering/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Safety of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066102
  • Received:2025-04-22 Revised:2025-06-15 Published:2025-10-25 Online:2025-11-04

摘要:

本研究聚焦于城市园林绿化废弃物的资源化处置难题,旨在通过微生物技术手段有效纾解其堆积压力,推动可再生资源的高效循环利用,为构建绿色低碳的废弃物处理体系提供理论依据与实践支撑。本研究以自然发酵堆腐环境中的园林废弃物为样本,选取羧甲基纤维素钠为唯一碳源,经筛选分离纯化后得到高效降解纤维素菌株。实验中,综合运用刚果红染色法和滤纸条崩解法开展初筛、复筛,对纤维素酶活性进行测定,通过形态学及分子生物学鉴定方法对菌株进行鉴定。研究表明,经筛选分离纯化后所获一株纤维素降解真菌FH10,其滤纸酶活、内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖苷酶酶活分别为0.5558 U/mL、0.4916 U/mL、1.107 U/mL、1.663 U/mL。根据NCBI-BLAST数据库比对鉴定FH10菌株为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。FH10菌株属于高效降解纤维素菌株,能够有效促进纤维素的降解,为进一步开发利用微生物堆肥菌剂或酶制剂奠定了工作基础。

关键词: 园林废弃物, 纤维素降解菌, 筛选, 酶活, 鉴定

Abstract:

This study aims to alleviate the accumulation pressure of urban garden waste, achieve the recycling of renewable resources, provide new approaches for the treatment of garden waste, and offer scientific support for the construction of a green and low-carbon waste treatment system. In this study, highly efficient cellulose-degrading strains were obtained from garden waste under natural fermentation and composting conditions, using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the sole carbon source. After screening, separation and purification, the strains were obtained. The initial screening was conducted by Congo red staining and filter paper strip disintegration, and the cellulase activity was determined by re-screening. The strains were identified by morphological and molecular biological identification methods. The research showed that after screening, isolation and purification, a cellulose-degrading fungus FH10 was obtained, and the enzyme activities of its filter paper, endoglucanase, exocytoglucanase and β-glucosylase were 0.5558 U/mL, 0.4916 U/mL, 1.107 U/mL and 1.663 U/mL, respectively. The FH10 strain was identified as Fusarium oxysporum by comparison with the NCBI-BLAST database. The FH10 strain is a highly efficient cellulose-degrading strain that can effectively promote the degradation of cellulose, laying a working foundation for the further development and utilization of microbial composting agents or enzyme preparations.

Key words: garden waste, cellulose degrading bacteria, screening, enzyme activity, identification