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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (36): 1-11.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0032

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

基于移栽行距和播期配置优化的晚粳稻生长特性、产量与品质调控研究

何丽华1(), 宋云生2, 董明辉2(), 江贻2, 吴正贵1   

  1. 1 苏州市农业技术推广中心, 江苏苏州 215008
    2 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所, 江苏苏州 215106
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 修回日期:2025-03-15 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者:
    董明辉,男,1970年出生,江苏高邮人,研究员,博士,主要从事作物栽培与生理方面的研究。通信地址:215106 江苏省苏州市吴中区东山大道2351号 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,Tel:0512-66706615,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    何丽华,女,1972年出生,安徽怀宁人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事作物高质高效安全生产技术研究。通信地址:215008 江苏省苏州市姑苏区竹辉路158号 苏州市农业技术推广中心,Tel:0512-65112287,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省亚夫科技服务项目“苏南(吴江区)稻油轮作控量提能增汇综合示范基地”(KF(25)2004); 江苏省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目“优良食味粳稻新品种产质提升技术协同推广计划”(2025-ZYXT-SZ02); 苏州市科技强农创新项目“稻麦两熟农田提产增汇与控量增效协同技术体系研发与应用”(SNG2025018)

Study on Growth, Yield, and Quality Regulation of Late Japonica Rice Based on Transplanting Row Spacing and Sowing Date Optimization

HE Lihua1(), SONG Yunsheng2, DONG Minghui2(), JIANG Yi2, WU Zhenggui1   

  1. 1 Suzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008
    2 Taihu Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215106
  • Received:2025-01-10 Revised:2025-03-15 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-25

摘要:

为明确移栽行距与播期组合对晚粳稻生长特性、产量及品质的协同调控效应,优化太湖地区晚粳稻栽培技术,本研究以‘苏香粳100’(常规晚粳稻)和‘甬优1526’(杂交晚粳稻)为试材,采用三因素(品种×移栽行距×播期)随机区组设计,设置常规行距(30 cm,T1)和宽窄行(40 cm+20 cm,T2)2种行距,5月13日(B1)、5月23日(B2)、6月2日(B3)、6月12日(B4)4个播期,系统测定茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、SPAD值、干物质积累、产量及稻米品质指标。结果表明,宽窄行移栽与5月23日播种组合表现最优,‘苏香粳100’与‘甬优1526’在该组合下成穗率分别为82.96%和79.80%,孕穗期SPAD值为46.02和50.08,叶面积指数为5.68和7.64,干物质积累量分别为23.34和26.37 t/hm2,产量达11.9和13.9 t/hm2,均显著优于其他组合(P<0.01)。稻米品质方面,垩白度降至4.1%,直链淀粉含量适中,胶稠度达90.1 mm,整精米率提高至76.1%,品质优势显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,宽窄行配合适宜播期能够协同优化晚粳稻群体结构与物质转化效率,实现稳产提质,适宜在太湖稻区及周边主产区推广应用。

关键词: 晚粳稻, 移栽行距, 播期优化, 宽窄行栽培, 光合特性, 成穗率, 干物质积累, 稻米品质

Abstract:

This study aimed to clarify the regulatory effects of transplanting row spacing and sowing date combinations on the growth, yield, and quality of late japonica rice. Using two cultivars of ‘Suxiangjing 100’ (conventional late japonica rice) and ‘Yongyou 1526’ (hybrid late japonica rice) as materials, a three-factor randomized block design was adopted to systematically measure parameters including tiller dynamics, leaf area index, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation, yield, and quality traits. Results showed that the combination of alternate wide-narrow row transplanting and sowing on May 23 performed best. Under this combination, ‘Suxiangjing 100’ and ‘Yongyou 1526’ achieved spike formation rates of 82.96% and 79.80%, SPAD values of 46.02 and 50.08, leaf area indices of 5.68 and 7.64 during the booting stage, dry matter accumulation of 23.34 and 26.37 t/hm2, and yields of 11.9 and 13.9 t/hm2, respectively, which were all significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.01). In terms of quality, chalkiness degree decreased to 4.1%, amylose content remained moderate, gel consistency reached 90.1 mm, and head rice rate increased to 76.1%, indicating coordinated improvement in overall quality (P<0.05). The study concluded that the optimized combination of wide-narrow row transplanting and appropriate sowing date can synergistically enhance canopy structure and material conversion efficiency, contributing to stable and high-quality production. This approach is suitable for application in the Taihu Lake region and surrounding late japonica rice production areas.

Key words: late japonica rice, transplanting row spacing, sowing date optimization, alternate wide-narrow row planting, photosynthetic characteristics, spike formation rate, dry matter accumulation, rice quality