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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (36): 28-34.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0391

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱胁迫下施用不同保水剂对大豆苗期生长发育的影响

张华英(), 刘佳乐, 杨阳, 许鑫彤, 张硕, 时滢苑, 廖文佳, 董玉新()   

  1. 呼伦贝尔学院， 内蒙古海拉尔 021008
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-15 修回日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者:
    董玉新，男，1990年出生，内蒙古呼伦贝尔人，讲师，博士，主要从事作物栽培生理研究。通信地址：021008 内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区奋斗镇成吉思汗中路26号 呼伦贝尔学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张华英，女，1990年出生，山西洪洞人，讲师，博士，主要从事耕作制度与农业生态系统研究。通信地址：021008 内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区奋斗镇成吉思汗中路26号 呼伦贝尔学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    校级重点建设和特色培育学科建设项目“保水剂与微量元素肥料协同施用对大豆生理特征及产质量的影响”(2023XKJS27); 2023年度内蒙古自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划(20231089012)

Effects of Different Water Retaining Agents on Growth and Development of Soybean Seedlings Under Drought Stress

ZHANG Huaying(), LIU Jiale, YANG Yang, XU Xintong, ZHANG Shuo, SHI Yingyuan, LIAO Wenjia, DONG Yuxin()   

  1. Hulunbuir University, Hailaer, Inner Mongolia 021008
  • Received:2025-05-15 Revised:2025-07-10 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-25

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摘要：

为探讨干旱胁迫下不同粒径保水剂对大豆苗期生长发育的调控效应，为呼伦贝尔地区大豆旱作栽培的抗旱保苗技术提供科学参考。本研究以‘同豆2号’为供试材料，采用盆栽双因素试验设计，设置4个水分梯度（正常供水：田间持水量70%；轻度干旱：60%；中度干旱：50%；重度干旱：40%）和3种粒径保水剂（粉末状SAP-A、0.6~1 mm SAP-B、2~3 mm SAP-C），以不施保水剂为对照（CK），共16个处理，分析大豆V2期农艺性状、根系形态及干物质积累的差异。结果表明，随干旱加剧大豆幼苗各农艺指标均呈降低趋势。施保水剂可缓解干旱胁迫的不利影响。轻度干旱下，SAP-A对大豆幼苗农艺性状改善效果优于其他处理，株高、茎粗、SPAD值、根系总长、根系表面积、根系体积、单株干重较对照分别提高19.90%、10.28%、7.81%、19.81%、8.91%、24.38%和20.09%；中度干旱下，SAP-C改善效果较佳，上述指标较对照依次提高17.45%、10.77%、5.04%、38.27%、18.13%、43.63%和31.85%；而重度干旱下，施用保水剂改善效果不明显。呼伦贝尔地区大豆生产中轻度干旱下施用粉末状保水剂；中度干旱下施用2~3 mm大颗粒保水剂效果较好，可为区域大豆旱作生产提质增效提供技术支撑。

关键词: 干旱, 保水剂, 粒径, 大豆, 苗期, 生长发育, 根系形态, 干重

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of applying different water-retaining agents under drought stress on the growth and development of soybeans and provide a reference for dryland cultivation of soybeans in the Hulunbuir region, a two-factor pot experiment was conducted with ‘Tongdou No. 2’ as the material. The first factor included four water gradients: normal water supply, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought. The second factor involved three types of water-retaining agents with different particle sizes, namely powder (SAP-A), 0.6-1 mm (SAP-B), and 2-3 mm (SAP-C), with no application of water-retaining agent as the control (CK). A total of 16 treatments were set up. The differences of various growth indicators of soybeans were analyzed at the V2 stage. The results showed that with the intensification of drought, all agronomic indicators of soybean seedlings showed a decreasing trend. The application of water-retaining agents could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress. Under mild drought, SAP-A had a better effect on improving the agronomic traits of soybean seedlings than other treatments. Compared with the control, the plant height, stem diameter, SPAD value, total root length, root surface area, root volume, and dry weight per plant increased by 19.90%, 10.28%, 7.81%, 19.81%, 8.91%, 24.38% and 20.09%, respectively. Under moderate drought, SAP-C had a better improvement effect. Compared with the control, the above indicators were increased by 17.45%, 10.77%, 5.04%, 38.27%, 18.13%, 43.63% and 31.85% in turn. However, under severe drought, the improvement effect of applying water-retaining agents was not obvious. In soybean production in the Hulunbuir region, applying powder water-retaining agent under mild drought and 2-3 mm large-particle water-retaining agent under moderate drought had better effects.

Key words: drought, water retaining agent, particle size, soybean, seedling stage, growth and development, root morphology, dry matter