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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (36): 21-27.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0439

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜覆盖和栽培密度对宁德丘陵山地‘福宁紫4号’紫甘薯品种农艺性状和结薯习性的影响

蒋元斌()   

  1. 福建省宁德市农业科学研究所, 福建宁德 355017
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30 修回日期:2025-11-20 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 作者简介:

    蒋元斌,男,1984年出生,福建福安人,高级农艺师,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物遗传育种与栽培。通信地址:355017 福建省福安市坂中乡满春街45号,Tel:0593-6373066,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    福建省科技厅星火项目“高产抗病紫甘薯新品种福宁紫4号繁育及示范推广”(2023S0068)

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Planting Density on Agronomic Trait and Tuber-setting Habits of Purple Sweet Potato Variety ‘Funingzi No.4’ in Ningde Hilly Area

JIANG Yuanbin()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Ningde City, Ningde, Fujian 355017
  • Received:2025-05-30 Revised:2025-11-20 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-25

摘要:

为探究不同增产栽培措施对甘薯生长发育的影响,本试验采用二因素随机区组试验设计,研究地膜覆盖和栽培密度处理对宁德丘陵山地‘福宁紫4号’紫甘薯品种农艺性状和结薯习性的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖可显著促进‘福宁紫4号’地上部的生长,进而提升产量、商品薯率和品质。在5.25万株/hm2栽培密度下,地膜覆盖较不覆膜处理,平均单株结薯数增加1.65个,单株鲜薯重提高34.62%,大薯率提高10.45个百分点,单位面积鲜薯产量增加33.87%,商品薯率提高7.72个百分点,花青素含量提高7.2%,干物质率提高2.01个百分点。过高或过低的栽培密度均对商品薯率、鲜薯产量和品质提高均有不利影响。此外,地膜覆盖和栽培密度处理对‘福宁紫4号’的分枝数、最长蔓长、单株茎叶鲜重、单株结薯数、单株鲜薯重、单位面积鲜薯产量、大薯率、小薯率、商品薯率存在显著交互作用。综上,地膜覆盖和适宜栽培密度协同作用,可更有效地提升‘福宁紫4号’的产量、商品薯率和品质。结合‘福宁紫4号’在宁德丘陵山地的生长特性,建议春季栽培采用地膜覆盖并选择5.25万株/hm2的栽培密度作为适宜措施。

关键词: 地膜覆盖, 种植密度, 福宁紫4号, 农艺性状, 紫甘薯, 宁德丘陵山地

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different yield-increasing cultivation measures on the growth and development of sweet potato, a two-factor randomized block design was used to study the effects of plastic film mulching and planting density on the agronomic trait and tuber-setting habits of purple sweet potato variety ‘Funingzi No.4’ in Ningde hilly area. The results showed that plastic film mulching could promote the growth of the aboveground part of sweet potato, and then improve the yield, commodity potato rate and quality of sweet potato. Under the condition of planting density of 52500 plant/hm2, the average number of tubers per plant increased by 1.65, the fresh weight per plant increased by 34.62%, the large potato rate increased by 10.45 percentage points, the fresh potato yield per unit area increased by 33.87%, the commodity potato rate increased by 7.72 percentage points, the anthocyanin content increased by 7.2%, and the dry rate increased by 2.01 percentage points. Excessive or insufficient planting density was not conducive to the improvement of commercial tuberous root rate, fresh potato yield and quality. There were significant interactions between plastic film mulching and planting density on the number of branches, the longest vine length, the fresh weight of stems and leaves per plant, the number of tubers per plant, the fresh weight per plant, the fresh yield per unit area, the rate of large tubers, the rate of small tubers and the rate of commercial tubers of ‘Funingzi No.4’. The combination of plastic film mulching and suitable planting density measures could better promote the yield, commercial tuberous root rate and quality of ‘Funingzi No.4’. Based on the characteristics of agronomic trait and tuber habits of ‘Funingzi No.4’ in the growth process in Ningde hilly and mountainous areas, plastic film mulching should be selected in spring cultivation and production, and the planting density of 52500 plants/hm2 is more suitable.

Key words: film mulching, planting density, Funingzi No.4, agronomic trait, purple sweet potato, Ningde hilly area