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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 135-142.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0471

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

富铁锌高叶酸玉米的创制及加工贮藏方法的探究

李文宗1(), 许一凡2, 陈建华1, 胡超1, 王贞1, 黄雅敏1()   

  1. 1 平顶山市农业科学院，河南平顶山 467000
    2 上海对外经贸大学金融管理学院，上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-24 修回日期:2024-10-29 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-11
  • 通讯作者:
    黄雅敏，女，1992年出生，河南范县人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事作物遗传育种、栽培等方面的研究。通信地址：467000 平顶山市湛河区农科路5号 平顶山市农业科学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李文宗，男，1990年出生，河南平顶山人，博士，研究方向：植物组培脱毒与分子设计育种。通信地址：467000 平顶山市湛河区农科路5号 平顶山市农业科学院，E-mail：。

Research on Creation and Processing and Storage Method of High Folate-Maize Rich in Iron and Zinc

LI Wenzong1(), XU Yifan2, CHEN Jianhua1, HU Chao1, WANG Zhen1, HUANG Yamin1()   

  1. 1 Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000
    2 Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai 201620
  • Received:2024-06-24 Revised:2024-10-29 Published:2025-02-15 Online:2025-02-11

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摘要：

本研究旨在开发富含铁、锌和高叶酸的玉米品种（Fe≥40 mg/kg，Zn≥40 mg/kg，叶酸≥150 μg/100 g），以提高叶酸的利用率，延长鲜食富铁锌高叶酸玉米的货架期。设置不同浓度铁锌处理组5组和1组清水对照组，对高叶酸鲜食玉米品种，分别于大喇叭口期、抽雄期、灌浆期用无人机进行铁锌混合微肥叶面喷施以获得富铁锌高叶酸玉米。采取不同加工工艺对获得的高叶酸玉米进行处理，分析不同的加工及贮藏条件下富铁锌高叶酸玉米中叶酸含量的变化，筛选出最优的加工储藏方法。高叶酸玉米生长期叶面喷施铁锌混合微肥，显著提高了籽粒中铁、锌的含量，达到了铁、锌营养强化的效果。真空包装鲜玉米加工过程中叶酸损失率为11.97%，真空包装即食玉米加工过程中叶酸损失率为23.36%。结合不同工艺叶酸损失率以及不同贮藏条件下叶酸含量的变化，真空包装即食玉米在4℃贮藏60 d效果最佳。

关键词: 富铁锌, 高叶酸玉米, 营养强化, 叶酸, 叶酸损失率, 加工贮藏, 叶面喷施, 矿质元素

Abstract:

This study is dedicated to the development of iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize (Fe ≥ 40 mg/kg, Zn ≥ 40 mg/kg, folate ≥ 150 μg/100 g), to improve the utilization rate of folate, and to prolong the shelf-life of freshly-eaten iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize. Five groups of iron- and zinc-treated groups with different concentrations and one group of clear water control group were set up, and the foliar spraying of iron and zinc mixed micronutrient fertilizer was carried out by unmanned aerial vehicles to obtain iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize. Different processing techniques were adopted to treat the obtained high folate maize to analyze the changes of folate content in the iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize under different processing and storage conditions, and to screen out the optimal processing and storage methods. Foliar spraying of iron and zinc mixed micronutrient fertilizer on high folate maize during the growth period significantly increased the iron and zinc content in the kernels, achieving the effect of iron and zinc nutrient fortification. The rate of folate loss during processing of vacuum-packed fresh maize was 11.97%, and the rate of folate loss during processing of vacuum-packed instant maize was 23.36%. Combined with the loss rate of folic acid in different processes and the changes of folic acid content under different storage conditions, the best effect of vacuum-packed instant maize was achieved by storing it at 4℃ for 60 d.

Key words: iron- and zinc-rich, high-folate maize, nutrition enrichment, folic acid, folate loss rate, processing and storage, foliar spray, mineral element