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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 194-199.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0499

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

烤烟新品系‘YM2020’中部叶的烘烤特性及烘烤工艺

李洪臣1(), 杨军杰1, 常剑波1, 夏宗良2()   

  1. 1 河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司，河南三门峡 472000
    2 河南农业大学生命科学学院，郑州 450046
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18 修回日期:2025-10-26 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者:
    夏宗良，男，1973年出生，河南信阳人，教授，博士，主要研究方向为烟草遗传育种。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李洪臣，男，1986年出生，河北唐山人，农艺师，硕士，主要研究方向为烟草新品种推广。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司科技研发重点项目“烤烟新品系YM2020的特征特性鉴定及配套技术研究”(2024411200200015X)

Curing Characteristics and Curing Process of Middle Leaves of New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘YM2020’

LI Hongchen1(), YANG Junjie1, CHANG Jianbo1, XIA Zongliang2()   

  1. 1 Henan Tobacco Company Sanmenxia Branch, Sanmenxia, Henan 472000
    2 College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046
  • Received:2025-06-18 Revised:2025-10-26 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-15

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摘要： 烤烟新品系‘YM2020’是‘云烟87’的自然突变体。为解决其沿用传统烘烤工艺时褐斑发生率高的问题，明确适宜烘烤参数，以‘云烟87’作为对照，通过暗箱模拟与动态烘烤试验，系统测定‘YM2020’中部叶的变黄/变褐特性、失水规律、叶绿素降解动态、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及形态收缩率等关键指标，并构建配套烘烤工艺。结果表明，‘YM2020’与‘云烟87’的易烤性相当，变黄速度相近（72 h完全变黄）；但‘YM2020’耐烤性中等[PPO活性均值0.3~0.4 U/(g·FW)]，弱于‘云烟87’[PPO活性<0.3 U/(g·FW)]。烘烤过程中，‘YM2020’失水速率呈现“慢→快→慢”趋势，叶绿素降解速率滞后于‘云烟87’（0~48 h降解速率低12.6%），且收缩率（长度19.61%、宽度37.35%）显著高于对照。基于上述特性，提出分阶段温湿度协同调控工艺，即变黄阶段(37~43℃)梯度升温促进叶绿素降解，定色阶段(45~54℃)精准控温平衡物质转化与干燥速率，干筋阶段(54~62℃)分阶升温实现主脉全干。

关键词: 烤烟, 含水量, 失水规律, 叶绿素降解率, 多酚氧化酶, 烘烤特性, 烘烤工艺

Abstract:

The new flue-cured tobacco variety ‘YM2020’ is a mutant of ‘Yunyan 87’. To explore the optimal curing process for the middle leaves of ‘YM2020’, its curing characteristics were systematically evaluated and compared with those of ‘Yunyan 87’. A suitable curing process was also developed. Through dark-box and dynamic curing experiments, the yellowing/browning characteristics, moisture loss patterns, chlorophyll degradation dynamics, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity changes, and shrinkage rates of the tobacco leaves were determined. The results showed that ‘YM2020’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ had comparable ease of curing, with similar yellowing rates (complete yellowing within 72 hours). However, ‘YM2020’ had moderate curing tolerance [average PPO activity of 0.3-0.4 U/(g·FW)], which was lower than that of ‘Yunyan 87’ [PPO activity< 0.3 U/(g·FW)]. During the curing process, ‘YM2020’ exhibited a ‘slow-fast-slow’ moisture loss pattern, with a 12.6% slower chlorophyll degradation rate in the first 48 hours compared to ‘Yunyan 87’. Additionally, its shrinkage rates (length 19.61%, width 37.35%) were significantly higher than those of the control. Based on these characteristics, a phased temperature and humidity control process was proposed: during the yellowing stage (37-43℃), a gradual temperature increase to promote chlorophyll degradation; during the coloring stage (45-54℃), precise temperature control to balance material conversion and drying rate; and during the dry vein stage (54-62℃), a staged temperature increase to ensure complete drying of the main vein.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, moisture content, dehydration pattern, chlorophyll degradation rate, polyphenol oxidase, curing characteristics, curing process