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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 79-86.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0964

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

福建省有毒药用植物的药用特征与资源多样性

李珍1(), 雷晨曦1, 邓义祥1, 罗伟强2, 王少聪3, 张旭4, 张骞4   

  1. 1 漳州卫生职业学院药学院, 福建漳州 363000
    2 漳州高新职业技术学校, 福建漳州 363000
    3 漳浦县林业局, 福建漳州 363299
    4 海原县林业和草原局, 宁夏中卫 755299
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-30 修回日期:2026-04-25 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-27
  • 作者简介:

    李珍,男,1978年出生,安徽池州人,副教授,博士,研究方向:中药资源与栽培。通信地址:363000 福建省漳州市芗城区西洋坪路29号 漳州卫生职业学院药学院,Tel:0596-2559522,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    2019年医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金“全国中药资源普查项目”(财社〔2019〕39号); 国家中医药管理局乡村振兴中药材种植培训项目“华东道地药材产区和宁夏中药材种植培训”(GHC-2024-ZFGM-375); 闽宁合作科技专项“宁夏海原果园套种草本类中药材的技术研究”(漳财教指〔2023〕69号); 漳州卫生职业学院高学历人才科研支持专项“巴戟天茎腐病的中药防治方法研究”(ZWYGXL202302); 2024年度中药学专业国家级职业教育教师创新团队科研专项“巴戟天茎腐病的中药防治方法及蛋白质组学研究”(ZWYCX202407); 福建省科技厅对外合作项目“板蓝根在宁夏海原县规范化种植技术示范”(2024I0046)

Medicinal Characteristics and Resource Diversity of Toxic Medicinal Plants in Fujian

LI Zhen1(), LEI Chenxi1, DENG Yixiang1, LUO Weiqiang2, WANG Shaocong3, ZHANG Xu4, ZHANG Qian4   

  1. 1 College of Pharmacy, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000
    2 Zhangzhou High-tech Vocational Technical School, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000
    3 Zhangpu County Forestry Bureau, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363299
    4 Haiyuan County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Zhongwei, Ningxia 755299
  • Received:2025-12-30 Revised:2026-04-25 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-05-27

摘要:

系统分析福建省有毒药用植物的物种组成、药用特征及资源现状,旨在为区域药用植物资源的科学保护与可持续利用提供理论依据。基于第四次全国中药资源普查数据及文献调研,分析福建省有毒药用植物的物种组成、药用部位、功效分类、药性药味、药典收录及栽培情况。结果表明,福建省共有有毒药用植物485种,隶属108科330属,以被子植物为主;药用部位集中于根及根茎(26.83%)、叶(16.74%)和全草(16.46%);药用功效以清热(32.09%)为主。117种重点调查植物中,草本占57.26%,药性以寒性(44.96%)为主,药味以苦味(44.19%)为主。共有122种被《中国药典》(2025年版)收录,238种已有人工栽培,但规模化种植种类有限。综上,福建省有毒药用植物资源丰富、功效多样,但存在药用部位集中、野生资源压力大等问题,未来应加强可持续利用与规范化栽培研究,推动其合理开发与科学保护。

关键词: 有毒药用植物, 药用特征, 资源多样性, 可持续利用, 福建

Abstract:

This study aims to systematically analyze the species composition, medicinal characteristics, and resource status of toxic medicinal plants in Fujian, provide a theoretical basis for the scientific conservation and sustainable utilization of regional medicinal plant resources. Based on data from the Fourth National Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and relevant authoritative literature, this paper statistically analyzed the life forms, medicinal parts, function categories, medicinal properties and flavors, inclusion in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and cultivation status of toxic medicinal plants in Fujian. The results showed that Fujian hosted a total of 485 species of toxic medicinal plants, belonging to 330 genera and 108 families, with angiosperms being the predominant group; the primary medicinal parts were roots and rhizomes (26.83%), leaves (16.74%), and whole plants (16.46%); in terms of medicinal function, heat-clearing drugs (32.09%) accounted for the highest proportion; among the 117 key species investigated, herbs constituted 57.26%, medicinal properties were predominantly cold (44.96%), and the most common medicinal flavor was bitter (44.19%); a total of 122 species were included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2025 edition), and 238 species had been cultivated artificially, though only a limited number were planted on a large scale. In summary, Fujian Province is rich in toxic medicinal plant resources and diverse in efficacy, but there are problems such as concentrated medicinal parts and high pressure on wild resources. Future efforts should focus on sustainable utilization and artificial cultivation research to promote scientific development and conservation of toxic medicinal plants in Fujian.

Key words: toxic medicinal plants, medicinal characteristics, resource diversity, sustainable utilization, Fujian

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