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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 96-105.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1115

所属专题: 农业地理 耕地保护

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

福建省土地利用格局的地形梯度效应分析

张莹(), 叶宝鉴, 朱志鹏, 姚雄()   

  1. 福建工程学院建筑与城乡规划学院,福州 350118
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-19 修回日期:2022-02-08 出版日期:2022-04-15 发布日期:2022-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 姚雄
  • 作者简介:张莹,女,1999年出生,福建泉州人,本科在读,主要从事景观生态学研究。通信地址:350118 福建省福州市大学新区学府南路33号,E-mail: 934252021@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金项目“考虑冠层结构的南方典型水土流失区林地土壤肥力遥感量化”(2021J05221);福建省林业局项目“福建省特色林木种质资源评价与监测信息应”(2021FKJ17);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目“面向国土空间规划的城市公园绿地优化布局策略研究”(JAT200353)

Terrain Gradient Effects of Land Use Pattern in Fujian Province

ZHANG Ying(), YE Baojian, ZHU Zhipeng, YAO Xiong()   

  1. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118
  • Received:2021-11-19 Revised:2022-02-08 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-05-18
  • Contact: YAO Xiong

摘要:

为揭示福建省土地利用格局沿地形梯度时空演变特征及规律,以2000、2010、2018年3期土地利用数据和数字高程模型(DEM)数据为数据源,通过土地利用变化图谱、地形位指数、分布指数和景观格局指数等方法,分析研究区景观图谱的地形梯度变化特征,探讨土地利用格局的地形梯度效应及其成因。结果表明:2000—2018年,福建省的主要景观类型为林地、耕地和草地,其中林地和草地主要分布于高等级地形位,耕地主要集中于低等级地形位;研究期间,耕地面积以年均89 km2不断缩减,主要转向建设用地,建设用地面积以年均145 km2不断增加;景观变化图谱以稳定型为主,占比约94%,对应的分布指数随着地形位梯度的增加而增加,而其他图谱类型与其相反;景观多样性和景观异质性等景观属性在时间尺度上逐年上升,在空间尺度上随地形梯度增加呈下降趋势。该研究为城市化过程中的景观格局空间优化布局和土地资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 土地利用, 景观格局, 分布指数, 地形梯度, 地学信息图谱, 福建省

Abstract:

To reveal the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and laws of terrain gradient of land use pattern in Fujian Province, the land use data in 2000, 2010 and 2018 and digital elevation model (DEM) data were collected as the data source. Land use change atlas, terrain niche index, distribution index and landscape pattern index were used to analyze the terrain gradient change characteristics of landscape atlas, and the terrain gradient effect of land use pattern and its cause were discussed. The results showed that forestland, farmland and grassland were the main landscape types in Fujian Province from 2000 to 2018. Forestland and grassland were mainly distributed in high-level terrain gradient, and farmland was mainly concentrated in low-level terrain gradient. During the study period, the farmland area decreased continuously with an average annual area of 89 km2, and it was mainly turned into construction land. The construction land increased continuously with an average annual area of 145 km2. The stable type was the main landscape change atlas, which accounted for about 94%, and the corresponding distribution index increased with the terrain gradient, while the other atlas types were the opposite. Landscape attributes such as landscape diversity and landscape heterogeneity increased year by year on the temporal scale, but they decreased with the increase of terrain gradient on the spatial scale. This study can provide a scientific basis for the spatial optimization of landscape pattern and the rational development and utilization of land resources in the process of urbanization.

Key words: land use, landscape pattern, distribution index, terrain gradient, geo-information atlas, Fujian Province

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