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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (31): 14-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0273

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

授粉量和柱头数量对‘福建百香果1号’授粉受精的影响

杜丽君1(), 江莉2, 庄文晶3, 王鹏博4, 林秀宝1, 朱晴晴4, 李永裕4(), 牛先前2()   

  1. 1 漳州城市职业学院，福建漳州 363000
    2 福建省热带作物科学研究所，福建漳州 363001
    3 福建省漳州市气象局，福建漳州 363000
    4 福建农林大学园艺学院，福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-09-25 出版日期:2025-11-05 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者:
    牛先前，男，1981年出生，山东周村人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：果树栽培生理。通信地址：363001 福建省漳州市芗城区天宝镇五峰 福建省热带作物科学研究所，Tel：0596-2615157，E-mail：。
    李永裕，男，1981年出生，福建永春人，教授，博士，研究方向：果树生理生化。通信地址：350002 福建省福州市仓山区天上下店路15号 福建农林大学，Tel：0596-2615157，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    杜丽君，女，1987年出生，广东佛山人，副教授，硕士，研究方向：果树生理生化及次生物质代谢。通信地址：363000 福建省漳州市芗城区西洋坪路27号 漳州城市职业学院生态景观学院，Tel：0596-2525981，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    漳州市自然科学基金“气象因子对百香果糖组分的影响”(ZZ2023J40); 福建省公益类科研专项“提高百香果高温座果率技术研究”(2022R1011005); 福建省公益类科研专项“西番莲遗传多样性分析及种质资源创新与利用”(2024R1011004); 福建省气象局基层科技专项项目“百香果低温寒冻害风险预估技术研究”(2023J09)

Influence of Pollination Amount and Stigma Number on Pollination and Fertilization of ‘Fujian Passion Fruit No.1’

DU Lijun1(), JIANG Li2, ZHUANG Wenjing3, WANG Pengbo4, LIN Xiubao1, ZHU Qingqing4, LI Yongyu4(), NIU Xianqian2()   

  1. 1 Zhangzhou City Vocational College, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000
    2 Fujian Institute of Tropical Crop, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363001
    3 Zhangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000
    4 College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-09-25 Published:2025-11-05 Online:2025-11-07

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摘要：

为科学指导百香果人工授粉实践，解决生产中百香果“花而不实”及果实发育不良问题，以百香果品种‘福建百香果1号’为试材，通过TTC染色法、联苯胺-过氧化氢法分别测定不同发育阶段的花粉活力和柱头可授性，同时设置3个花粉量梯度（少量H1、中量H2、大量H3）和3个柱头数量处理（1 个Z1、2个Z2、3个Z3）开展人工授粉试验，授粉3 d后观测授粉情况，9 d后统计受精不良概率及果实纵、横径，探讨授粉量与柱头数量对授粉受精效果的影响。结果表明，‘福建百香果1号’花粉活力在开花前 1 h 最佳，随后持续下降，花后2 h显著降低；随着花开放时间的延长，柱头可授性随花开放时间呈先升后降趋势，花后1 h达峰值，花后3 h显著降低。在3个柱头授粉情况下，H1处理果实纵、横径较H2降低了7.22%、6.82%，较H3分别降低了10.72%、13.38%，且H1与H3差异达显著水平(P<0.05)；H1授粉不良概率为26.67%，H2、H3授粉不良概率为0%；3个花粉量处理受精不良概率均为0%，表明柱头上有肉眼可见的花粉即可以避免受精不良。在中量花粉授粉条件下，Z1处理果实明显发育不良，果实纵、横径较Z2分别降低了24.06%、26.29%，较Z3分别降低了24.32%、25.56%，且Z1与Z2、Z3差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)，Z2与Z3果实纵、横径无显著差异；Z1授粉不良概率为11.8%，受精不良概率为29.4%，Z2、Z3授粉及受精不良概率均为0%。综上，‘福建百香果1号’在花后1 h内进行授粉，授粉满足2个柱头以上，并达到中量花粉量，可避免出现授粉不良、受精不良的现象。

关键词: 花粉量, 柱头数量, 花粉活性, 柱头可授性, 授粉, 受精, ‘福建百香果1号’

Abstract:

The paper aims to scientifically guide the artificial pollination for passion fruit and solve the problem of passion fruit flowers not bearing fruit. The experiment utilized ‘Fujian Passion Fruit No.1’ as the test material to evaluate temporal changes in pollen viability and stigma receptivity across developmental stages. Pollination treatments were designed with three pollen quantities (small: H1, medium: H2, large: H3) and three stigma retention levels (one: Z1, two: Z2, three: Z3). Excess stigmas were excised during manual pollination. Fruit development was quantified by measuring longitudinal and transverse diameters, and the impacts on pollination and fertilization outcomes were statistically analyzed. The pollen viability peaked 1 hour prior to flowering, followed by a continuous decline, with a significant reduction at 2 hours after flowering. Stigma receptivity reached maximal levels 1 hour after flowering and declined sharply at 3 hours after flowering. Fruit development exhibited a positive correlation with pollen quantity: increasing pollen loads resulted in progressive increases in longitudinal (7.22%-10.72%) and transverse (6.82%-13.38%) diameters (H1 vs. H2/H3; P<0.05), alongside a marked reduction in pollination failure rates (H1: 26.67%; H2/H3: 0%). Under medium pollen quantity (H2), fruits with one retained stigma (Z1) displayed severe developmental impairment, with longitudinal and transverse diameters reduced by 24.06%-24.32% and 25.56%-26.29%, respectively, compared to Z2 and Z3 (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected between Z2 and Z3. Pollination and fertilization failure rates for Z1 were 11.8% and 29.4%, respectively, whereas Z2 and Z3 exhibited no such deficiencies. All H1-H3 treatments achieved 100% fertilization success, indicating that visible pollen deposition on stigmas eliminated fertilization failure. The results showed that the optimal pollination conditions for ‘Fujian Passion Fruit No.1’ occur within 1 hour after flowering, and the pollination meets more than 2 stigmas and reaches the medium pollen amount, which can effectively mitigate risks of pollination and fertilization failure.

Key words: pollen amount, stigma number, pollen activity, stigma activity, pollination, fertilization, ‘Fujian Passion Fruit No.1’