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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 22-28.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0688

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同“稻—再—油”组合综合效益比较

刘桂1(), 毛瑞清1, 欧阳艳2, 刘虹3, 张明1, 方升亮1, 吕广动1, 肖芳曦1(), 邹丹1()   

  1. 1 衡阳市农业科学院， 湖南衡阳 421200
    2 衡阳市农业农村局， 湖南衡阳 421200
    3 攸县农业农村局， 湖南株洲 412300
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18 修回日期:2026-01-14 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-09
  • 通讯作者:
    肖芳曦，男，1983年出生，湖南祁东人，副研究员，主要从事作物高产优质栽培。通信地址：421200 衡阳市衡南县三塘镇衡祁东路38号，E-mail：。
    邹丹，男，1996年出生，湖南衡阳人，农艺师，主要从事作物高产优质栽培。通信地址：421200 衡阳市衡南县三塘镇衡祁东路38号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘桂，男，1987年出生，湖南祁阳人，农艺师，主要从事作物高产优质栽培。通信地址：421200 衡阳市衡南县三塘镇衡祁东路38号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自然科学基金项目“超级杂交稻高产群体健康冠层形成的生理生态机制研究”(2024JJ7224); 湖南省青年人才项目“湖南省‘小荷’科技人才专项”(2024TJ-X45)

Comparison of Comprehensive Benefits of Different “Rice-Ratooning-Rapeseed” Combinations

LIU Gui1(), MAO Ruiqing1, OUYANG Yan2, LIU Hong3, ZHANG Ming1, FANG Shengliang1, LYU Guangdong1, XIAO Fangxi1(), ZOU Dan1()   

  1. 1 Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang, Hunan 421200
    2 Hengyang Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hengyang, Hunan 421200
    3 Agricultural Bureau of Youxian, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412300
  • Received:2025-08-18 Revised:2026-01-14 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-09

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摘要：

比较不同“稻—再—油”种植模式组合的综合效益，为该模式的推广应用提供理论依据。试验于2023—2024年在湘南地区进行，设置短生育期再生稻品种‘陵两优268’+中生育期油菜品种‘沣油737’、中生育期再生稻品种‘徽两优898’+短生育期油菜品种‘阳光131’和中生育期优质再生稻品种‘野香优莉丝’+短生育期油菜品种‘阳光131’ 3个组合，同时设置再生稻不同留桩高度和油菜不同播种量2个处理，系统比较不同组合的经济效益和生态效益。结果显示，3种组合的周年总生育期为356~362 d，均能在湘南地区正常种植，其中短生育期再生稻品种‘陵两优268’+中生育期油菜品种‘沣油737’组合搭配30 cm高留桩，周年总生育期最短，为356 d。从经济效益分析，短生育期再生稻品种‘陵两优268’+中生育期油菜品种‘沣油737’组合净利润最高，为26945元/hm2，较其他品种组合高23.74%~27.47%，主要表现为投入成本较低、产出收益较高，产投比较其他品种组合高11.05%~13.02%。从油菜播种量和再生稻留桩高度分析，2个品种均表现为加倍播种量总成本更高，但净利润更高，其中短生育期再生稻品种‘陵两优268’+中生育期油菜品种‘沣油737’组合搭配30 cm高留桩和油菜加倍播种量组合净利润最高，为28357元/hm2，较其他处理高4.47%~54.47%。从生态效益分析，头季再生稻品种的甲烷气体排放存在差异，其中‘陵两优268’头季孕穗期和齐穗期甲烷排放总量最低，从留桩高度分析，30 cm高留桩处理甲烷排放量低于15 cm低留桩处理，3个品种均表现为相同的规律。综上，短生育期再生稻品种‘陵两优268’+中生育期油菜品种‘沣油737’组合，辅以30 cm再生稻留桩高度和加倍油菜播种量，表现出最佳的经济效益和生态效益。该组合不仅能实现再生稻和油菜的高产，还能有效降低温室气体排放。因此，建议在湘南地区推广应用该优化组合，最大化“稻—再—油”模式的综合效益，促进农业的可持续发展。

关键词: 再生稻, 油菜, 留桩高度, 经济效益, 生态效益

Abstract:

This study aimed to compare different “rice-ratooning-rapeseed” cropping systems, to provide a theoretical basis for the further promotion and application of this model. Experiments were conducted in the southern part of Hunan Province from 2023 to 2024. Three combinations were established, including the short-growth-period ratoon rice variety ‘Lingliangyou 268’ + the medium-growth-period oilseed rape variety ‘Fengyou 737’, the medium-growth-period ratoon rice variety ‘Hui Liangyou 898’ + short-growth-period oilseed rape variety ‘Yangguang 131’, and medium growth period high-quality ratoon rice variety ‘Yexiangyou Lisi ’ + short-growth-period oilseed rape variety ‘Yangguang 131’. At the same time, two treatments were set, including different stubble heights for ratoon rice and different seeding rates for oilseed rape. The economic and ecological benefits of different combinations were systematically compared. The total annual growth duration of the three combinations ranged from 356 to 362 days, all of which could be normally cultivated in southern Hunan. The combination of short-growth-period ratoon rice variety ‘Lingliangyou 268’ + medium-growth-period oilseed rape variety ‘Fengyou 737’ with a 30 cm stubble height had the shortest total annual growth duration (356 days). In terms of economic benefits, the short-growth-period ratoon rice variety ‘Lingliangyou 268’ + medium-growth-period ‘Fengyou 737’ combination yielded the highest net profit at 26945 yuan/hm2, which was 23.74%-27.47% higher than other combinations. This was primarily attributed to lower input, higher output, and a benefit-cost ratio 11.05%-13.02% higher than other combinations. Regarding the effects of rape seeding rate and rice stubble height, both varieties showed that doubled seeding rate increased total cost but resulted in a higher net profit. The short-growth-period ratoon rice variety ‘Lingliangyou 268’ + medium-growth-period oilseed rape variety ‘Fengyou 737’ combination with a 30 cm stubble height and doubled rape seeding rate achieved the highest net profit of 28357 yuan/hm2, exceeding other treatments by 4.47%-54.47%. Regarding ecological benefits, methane emissions from the main crop of the ratoon rice varieties differed. The short-growth-period ratoon rice variety ‘Lingliangyou 268’ exhibited the lowest total methane emissions during the booting and heading stages. In terms of stubble height, the 30 cm stubble treatment resulted in lower methane emissions compared to the 15 cm stubble treatment, a trend consistent across all three varieties. In conclusion, the combination of short-growth-period ratoon rice variety ‘Lingliangyou 268’ + medium-growth-period oilseed rape variety ‘Fengyou 737’ combination with a 30 cm stubble height and doubled rape seeding rate demonstrated the best integrated economic and ecological performance. For the “rice-ratooning-rapeseed” system in southern Hunan, the optimal combination is the short-growth-duration ratoon rice variety ‘Lingliangyou 268’ paired with the medium-growth-duration oilseed rape variety ‘Fengyou 737’. Implementing a 30 cm stubble height for ratoon rice and a doubled seeding rate for oilseed rape within this combination can achieve high yields for both crops while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is recommended to promote the application of the optimized combination in southern Hunan in order to maximize the comprehensive benefits of the “rice-ratooning-rapeseed” model and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

Key words: ratoon rice, rape, stubble height, economic benefits, ecological benefits

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