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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 103-112.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0029

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑土地平衡施肥数量及其种类配比研究

周道玮(), 李强, 胡娟, 于达夫, 石记博   

  1. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-08 修回日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 作者简介:

    周道玮,男,1963年出生,山东青岛人,研究员,博士,研究方向:草地资源生产与利用。通信地址:130102 吉林省长春市高新北区盛北大街4888号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院“黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程”(XDA28110203)

Determination for Fertilizer Rate and Compound Fertilizer Ratio for Black Soil Farming

ZHOU Daowei(), LI Qiang, HU Juan, YU Dafu, SHI Jibo   

  1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102
  • Received:2025-01-08 Revised:2025-06-03 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-22

摘要:

为简化施肥量确定方法并优化肥料养分配比,本研究基于修正的施肥量计算公式,建立了施肥量权衡选择法及养分相对丰度法。利用权衡选择法,计算得出东北黑土区主要土壤类型(风沙土、壤性黑钙土、典型黑土)种植玉米、小麦和花生所需要的施肥量。计算结果与当地的实际施肥量吻合,表明现行施肥量处于适宜水平;利用养分相对丰度法,计算了不同土壤-作物组合下掺混肥或复合肥的优化配比方案,推荐东北黑土区相应土壤类型配制掺混肥或复合肥采用N:P2O5:K2O=25:10:15的配比方案,以实现施肥量与作物养分需求的匹配。在土壤有效养分供给量与肥料损失量平衡的条件下,施肥量应遵循“按需供给”原则,并精准匹配作物养分需求阈值。

关键词: 施肥量, 种类配比, 权衡选择法, 相对丰度法, 黑土

Abstract:

In order to simplify the determination method of fertilizer application rate and accurately match the types and proportions of fertilizers. Utilizing a modified formula for calculating fertilizer rate, a trade-off selection method for determining fertilizer rate and a relative abundance method for matching type ratios were established. The trade-off selection method was used to calculate the required fertilizer rate for planting corn, wheat, and peanuts in sandy black calcareous soil, loamy black calcareous soil, and typical black soil in the Northeast Black Soil Region, which are close to the actual local fertilizer rate and indicate that the local fertilizer rate are not excessive. The relative abundance method was used to calculate the mixing or compound fertilizer ratios needed for different crops in various plots, recommending a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 25:10:15 for preparing mixed or compound fertilizers for corresponding soil types in the Northeast Black Soil Region to match suitable fertilizer rate. Under the scenario where the amount of available nutrients supplied from the soil equals the loss from the applied fertilizer, the fertilization rate should follow the principle,how much is needed for crops growing, how much to apply.

Key words: fertilizer rate, type ratio, trade-off selection method, relative abundance method, black soil