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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 75-80.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0932

• 农学•农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种类底肥处理对鲜食玉米产量、品质及氮磷钾含量的影响

王琦1(), 崔茹莹2, 王福利1, 王天群1, 裴志超1, 曲明山1, 卢霖2, 李婷1()   

  1. 1 北京市农业技术推广站, 北京 100029
    2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-16 修回日期:2025-12-26 出版日期:2026-11-10 发布日期:2026-11-10
  • 通讯作者:
    李婷,女,1987年出生,陕西渭南人,正高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事科学施肥技术研究工作。通信地址:100029 北京市朝阳区惠新里甲10号,Tel:010-84643513,E-mail:。
  • 作者简介:

    王琦,女,1995年出生,山东济宁人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事农业技术推广工作。通信地址:100029 北京市朝阳区惠新里甲10号,Tel:010-84635578,E-mail:。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市乡村振兴农业科技项目“营养强化鲜食玉米品种培育与绿色生产流通关键技术集成示范”(NY2401120025)

Effects of Different Base Fertilizer Treatments on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Contents of Fresh Corn

WANG Qi1(), CUI Ruying2, WANG Fuli1, WANG Tianqun1, PEI Zhichao1, QU Mingshan1, LU Lin2, LI Ting1()   

  1. 1 Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029
    2 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2025-11-16 Revised:2025-12-26 Published:2026-11-10 Online:2026-11-10

摘要:

为提升鲜食玉米对底肥吸收利用效率,本研究以‘农科玉336’为试验材料,设置3个处理,T1:基施三元复合肥(15-15-15)500 kg/hm2;T2:含氨基酸复合肥料865.4 kg/hm2;T3:缓释掺混肥料865.4 kg/hm2,研究底肥选型对鲜食玉米产量及品质的影响。结果显示,与常规基施三元复合肥处理(T1)相比,含氨基酸复合肥料(T2)和缓释掺混肥料(T3)均可显著改善玉米的穗部性状,有效减少秃尖,提升果穗的商品价值。产量方面,T2和T3处理下的鲜食玉米产量较T1分别增加3.05%和8.01%,虽未达到统计学显著水平,但展现出积极的增产趋势。在养分利用效率上,T2处理的氮和磷收获指数较T1分别提升25%和36%;T3处理的氮、磷和钾收获指数较T1分别提高了31.25%、32%、20%。籽粒品质方面,T2处理下,粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗淀粉含量分别比T1提升1.98%、6.93%、4.99%;T3处理下,这些指标则分别提高了0.56%、3.93%、2.77%。T3处理下籽粒的水溶性糖和蔗糖含量较T1分别提升1.18%和19.48%。综上所述,在实际生产中,若优先关注籽粒的营养品质提升,可优先考虑施用含氨基酸复合肥料作为底肥。若追求产量、肥效长效性及籽粒口感的综合效益,可优先考虑施用缓释掺混肥料作为底肥。

关键词: 鲜食玉米, 底肥, 氮磷钾含量, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of low absorption and utilization efficiency of base fertilizer in fresh corn, ‘Nongkeyu 336’ was used as the experimental material, and three treatments were set up, including basal application of ternary compound fertilizer (T1, 15-15-15) 500 kg/hm2, amino acid compound fertilizer 865.4 kg/hm2 (T2), and slow-release mixed fertilizer 865.4 kg/hm2 (T3). The effect of base fertilizer selection on the yield and quality of fresh corn was studied. The results showed that compared with the conventional basal application of ternary compound fertilizer (T1), basal application of amino acid-containing compound fertilizer (T2) and slow-release mixed fertilizer (T3) could improve ear traits, reduce bald tip and improve ear commodity. Compared with T1, the yield of fresh corn under T2 and T3 treatments increased by 3.05% and 8.01%, respectively. The harvest indexes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased by 25%, 36%, 0% and 31.25%, 32%, 20%, respectively. The contents of crude protein, crude fat and crude starch in grains increased by 1.98%, 1.98%, 4.99% and 0.56%, 3.93%, 2.77%, respectively. The contents of water-soluble sugar and sucrose in grains under T3 treatment were 1.18 % and 19.48 % higher than those under T1 treatment, respectively. In summary, in the actual production, the part that focuses on the nutritional quality of grain can give priority to the application of amino acid-containing compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and the part that focuses on the comprehensive effects of yield, fertilizer effect and grain taste can give priority to the application of slow-release mixed fertilizer as the base fertilizer.

Key words: fresh corn, base fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, yield, quality

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