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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 1-11.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0343

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

基于多性状的饲草大麦种质资源评价与筛选

王正凤1(), 赵锋2, 刘静3, 包奇军2   

  1. 1 甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 兰州 730070
    2 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所, 兰州 730070
    3 西南科技大学生命科学与农林业学院, 四川绵阳 621010
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2026-03-18
  • 作者简介:

    王正凤,女,1983年出生,副研究员,博士,研究方向:禾草内生真菌学及草类植物病理学。通信地址:730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区农科院新村1号,Tel:0931-7614844,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省农科院现代生物育种专项“利用内生真菌进行大麦抗逆种质创新研究”(2025GAAS10); 国家自然基金项目“禾草内生真菌调控饲草大麦生长发育机制研究”(32560905); 四川省自然科学基金项目(青年基金)“真菌铁摄取系统调控Epichloë bromicola-大麦新共生体兼容性的生理和分子机制研究”(2025ZNSFSC0970)

Evaluation of Forage Barley Germplasm Resources Based on Multiple Traits

WANG Zhengfeng1(), ZHAO Feng2, LIU Jing3, BAO Qijun2   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    2 Institute of Economic Crops and Malt Barley Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    3 College of Life Sciences and Agri-Forestry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010
  • Received:2025-04-28 Revised:2025-09-15 Published:2026-03-18 Online:2026-03-18

摘要:

针对甘肃省寒旱地区饲草大麦品种短缺、优质种质匮乏的问题,为筛选适宜当地种植的高产优质饲草大麦种质,缓解当地饲草大麦品种资源短缺问题。本研究对19份国内外大麦种质为材料,在甘肃省农业科学院黄羊镇试验站种植,测定拔节期农艺性状(株高、分蘖数、鲜重、干重和叶面积)和营养价值指标(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、钙、镁和磷),结合差异显著性、相关性、主成分及隶属函数分析进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)不同大麦种质农艺性状与营养价值差异显著(P<0.05)。鲜重、干重变异系数超过40%,遗传多样性丰富;(2)‘宽颖大麦’株高(57.3 cm)和‘中糯8号’株高(55.8 cm)显著高于其他种质,‘甘饲麦1号’的分蘖能力最强(5个/株);(3)‘藏青18’营养价值表现突出,粗纤维含量低(19.71%)、酸性洗涤纤维含量低,磷含量高及饲喂价值高(170.42)等特点;(4)综合评价筛选出‘藏青18’、‘二棱大麦’、‘龙饲麦7号’、‘湟中长芒’和‘宽颖大麦’5个优良种质。筛选出的5份种质在甘肃省寒旱地区拔节期综合性状优异,适宜作为饲草推广种植及育种亲本材料。未来可开展多点多年田间试验,结合产量、抗逆性及饲喂效果,进一步验证优良种质的应用价值,为寒旱区饲草产业发展提供更全面支撑。

关键词: 饲草大麦, 种质资源, 营养价值, 综合评价

Abstract:

To address the shortage of forage barley varieties and the scarcity of high-quality germplasm resources in the cold and arid areas of Gansu Province, this study aims to identify excellent forage barley germplasm suitable for planting in local region. We analyzed agronomic traits (plant height, tiller number, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area) and nutritional value (crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) related indices at the jointing stage in 19 Chinese and international barley germplasm resources that planted at the Huangyang Town Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that (1) there were significant differences in agronomic traits and nutritional value among the barley germplasm resources (P<0.05). The coefficients of variation for fresh weight and dry weight exceeded 40%, indicating a rich genetic diversity. (2) The plant height of ‘Kuanying barley’ (57.3 cm) and ‘Zhongnuo 8’ (55.8 cm) was significantly higher than that of other germplasm resources, while ‘Gansimai 1’ had the strongest tillering ability (5 tillers per plant). (3) ‘Zangqing 18’ performed prominently in nutritional value, characterized by low crude fiber content (19.71%), low acid-detergent fiber content, high phosphorus content, and high feeding value (170.42). (4) Through comprehensive evaluation at the jointing stage, the germplasm resources ‘Zangqing 18’, ‘Erleng barley’, ‘Longsimai 7’, ‘Huangzhong Changmang’, and ‘Kuanying barley’ showed good overall performance under cold and arid conditions in Gansu Province. These germplasm resources are suitable for large-scale promotion and planting as forage barley in the region and can also serve as parent materials for breeding high-yielding and stable forage barley varieties. Future studies may involve multi-location and multi-year field trials to further validate the application value of the superior germplasm materials by integrating yield, stress resistance, and feeding effects, thereby providing more comprehensive support for the development of the forage industry in cold and arid regions.

Key words: forage barley, germplasm resources, nutritional value, comprehensive evaluation