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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (13): 273-278.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100024

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

石羊河流域日照时数的变化特征及影响因子分析

杨晓玲1,2,丁文魁2,胡津革2,赵东旭2   

  1. (1中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州 730020；2甘肃省武威市气象局,甘肃武威 733000）
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-13 修回日期:2015-03-19 接受日期:2015-02-25 出版日期:2015-06-02 发布日期:2015-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 杨晓玲
  • 基金资助:
    干旱气象科学研究基金项目“石羊河流域干旱灾害风险评估及防御对策研究”(IAM201205)；科技部行业（气象）专项“农田水分利用效率对气候变化的响应与适应技术”(GYHY201106029)。

Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Sunshine Duration in Shiyang River Basin

Yang Xiaoling1,2, Din Wenkui2, Hu Jin’ge2, Zhao Dongxu2   

  1. (1Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology CMA/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction CMA, Lanzhou 730020;2Wuwei Meteorological Bureau, Wuwei Gansu 733000)
  • Received:2014-10-13 Revised:2015-03-19 Accepted:2015-02-25 Online:2015-06-02 Published:2015-06-02

摘要： 为了合理调整种植结构、优化农业生产布局、保护生态环境以及提高太阳能的开发利用效率。笔者利用1961—2010年石羊河流域5个气象站逐日日照及年总云量、低云量、降水、相对湿度、沙尘日数和平均风速等观测资料，运用线性系数法系统分析了石羊河流域各县区近50年来日照时数的时空分布及强度特征，然后采用相关系数和多元线性回归中的标准化回归系数分析了影响日照时数的主要气象因子。结果表明：受海拔高度、地形地貌以及天气系统等影响，石羊河流域日照时数低海拔地区大于高海拔地区。除凉州外，各地年、年代日照时数总体呈增加趋势，民勤、永昌的增加趋势尤为显著，年日照时数的时间序列存在5~8年的准周期变化；各季节日照时数变化趋势不太一致，总体上呈增加趋势，春季增加最显著；月日照时数变化也存在差异，除天祝外，6月为1个高峰，9月和12到次年1月为2个低谷。各强度日照时数的日数变率较大，随着日照时数长度的增长，各地日照日数呈先增加后减小。石羊河流域日照时数的主要影响因子是总云量和低云量，其次是相对湿度和沙尘日数，降水和平均风速的影响最弱。日照时数与低云量和平均风速呈正相关，与总云量、降水、相对湿度和沙尘日数呈负相关，影响各地日照时数的主要因子有所不同。

关键词: 茶树, 茶树, 土壤水分, 光合作用, 水分利用效率

Abstract: The paper aims to rationally adjust planting structure, optimize agricultural production layout, protect ecological environment and improve utilization efficiency of solar energy. Using daily sunshine duration and annual mean total cloud amount, low cloud amount, precipitation, relative humidity, sand dust days and average wind speed observation data of 5 meteorological stations in Shiyang River Basin during 1961-2010, characteristics of space-time distribution and intensity of sunshine duration were systematically analyzed with trend coefficient method, then meteorological influencing factors of sunshine duration were analyzed with correlation coefficient method and standardized regressive coefficient in multiple linear regression. The results showed that: sunshine duration was longer in low altitude area than in high altitude area because of altitude difference, landform and weather system in Shiyang River Basin. Sunshine duration of year and age had an overall increasing trend except Liangzhou, the increasing trend was very obvious in Minqin and Yongchang. Time series of sunshine duration had 5 to 8 years quasi-periodic variation. Variation trend of sunshine duration was inconsistent in each season, presenting an overall increasing trend, the increasing trend was the most significant in spring. Monthly variation of sunshine duration also had certain differences except Tianzhu, one peak was in June. and two troughs were in September and December to January of next year. Change rates of various intensities of sunshine days were bigger. Sunshine days increased first and then reduced along with the sunshine duration’s increase, the main influencing factors of sunshine duration were total cloud amount and low cloud amount, the second were relative humidity and sand dust days, the effects of precipitation and average wind speed were the weakest in Shiyang River Basin. Sunshine duration was positively correlated with low cloud amount and average wind speed, and showed negative correlation with total cloud amount, precipitation, relative humidity and sand dust days. Main influencing factors of sunshine duration were different in each region.