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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (30): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010151

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 •    下一篇

氮肥施用量对杂交粳稻氮素吸收和利用的影响

鲁伟林,段仁周,余新春,严德远,郭桂英,全瑞兰,刘祥臣   

  1. (信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳 464000）
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-21 修回日期:2015-02-12 接受日期:2015-04-22 出版日期:2016-10-31 发布日期:2016-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 刘祥臣
  • 基金资助:
    国家水稻产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01-61)；河南省水稻产业技术体系建设专项资金(Z2012-04-01)；国家农业科技成果转化资金项目“高产多抗杂交稻新组合冈优5330中试与示范”(2013GB2D000291)，“高产优质杂交糯稻嘉糯Ⅰ优721试验与示范”(2014D00000063)；河南省重大科技专项“豫南稻区‘籼改粳’技术研究与产业化”(121100110200)；河南省科技攻关计划项目“水稻优异种质资源创制及强优势杂交稻新品种选育研究”(122102113109)，“高产优质杂交稻新组合培育与示范”(142102110029)。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Japonica Hybrid Rice

Lu Weilin, Duan Renzhou, Yu Xinchun, Yan Deyuan, Guo Guiying, Quan Ruilan, Liu Xiangchen   

  1. (Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang He’nan 464000)
  • Received:2015-01-21 Revised:2015-02-12 Accepted:2015-04-22 Online:2016-10-31 Published:2016-10-31

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摘要： 探索不同氮肥施用量对水稻产量形成及氮肥吸收利用的影响。以杂交粳稻‘6优53’为材料，应用精确定量栽培技术原理，设置5个氮肥用量处理，分析氮素吸收利用指标。结果表明：叶片和茎鞘的氮素积累高峰出现在孕穗期，成熟期稻穗氮素总积累量随施氮量的增加而增加。叶片和茎鞘的氮素转运量、转运率、转运贡献率、氮生理效率和氮肥表现利用率在施氮量300.00 kg/hm2时达最大值。氮素收获指数、氮肥效率、氮肥吸收效率、氮肥利用率、氮肥农艺利用率、生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力、土壤氮素依存率随施氮量增加均呈下降趋势。氮肥表现利用率与产量极显著正相关，与穗数显著正相关，与每穗颖花数显著负相关；穗数与氮肥吸收效率、氮素收获指数极显著负相关，与氮肥效率、农艺利用率、生理利用率、偏生产力、土壤氮素依存率显著负相关；千粒重与氮素转运量和转运率显著正相关。合理施用氮肥对提高产量、促进氮素吸收利用具有重要作用。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 干旱胁迫, 生态型, 大豆, 生理生化, 应答机制

Abstract: To explore dosage effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the formation of rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization, japonica hybrid rice cultivar ‘6 you 53’ was used as the material in this study to analyze the nitrogen uptake and utilization indicators in five nitrogen fertilization treatments based on the principle of precise and quantitative cultivation techniques. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation of leaf and stem peaked at booting stage, and the total amount of nitrogen accumulation of spikes in mature stage increased with the increase of nitrogen. Leaves and stems of nitrogen translocation, nitrogen translocation efficiency, nitrogen contribution ratio, nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen recovery efficiency increased firstly, and reached the maximum at 300.00 kg/hm2. A downtrend was observed for nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization rate, physiological nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity, and soil nitrogen dependency rate. Nitrogen recovery efficiency showed a significantly positive correlation with grain yield and panicle numbers, and showed a significantly negative correlation with spikelets per panicle. Panicle numbers showed a significantly negative correlation with the nitrogen fertilizer uptake efficiency and nitrogen harvest index. Meanwhile, panicle numbers were significantly and negatively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, physiological nitrogen use efficiency, partial factor productivity for applied nitrogen and soil nitrogen dependency rate. The 1000-grain weight exhibited a positive correlation with nitrogen translocation and nitrogen translocation efficiency. In conclusion, rational application of nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in improving grain yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization.

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