甘蔗种质对甘蔗蓟马的耐害性研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过自然种群接虫方法，开展12个甘蔗种质对蓟马的耐害性评价。结果表明，不同甘蔗种质虫害水平存在较大差异，其中‘云蔗15-507’为害最轻（虫害指数为13.33%），‘云蔗14-1010’为害最重（虫害指数为73.33%）。相关分析结果显示，虫害指数与卷叶率相关性最强(R=0.9758)，蓟马成虫数与虫害指数、卷叶率呈弱相关关系。耐害性由强到弱划分，可将12个甘蔗种质分为4个耐害等级，其中‘云蔗135-507’、‘云蔗15-1679’和‘云蔗14-1289’为1级，‘云蔗11-3898’和‘云蔗14-1215’为2级，‘云蔗14-1208’、‘云蔗15-1692’、‘云蔗13-1821’和‘云蔗12-1185’为3级，‘粤糖93-159’、‘云蔗13-1182’和‘云蔗14-1010’为4级。对耐害性甘蔗种质相关生理生化指标分析结果表明，虫害指数与多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈显著的负相关关系，与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有弱的正相关相系，与苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量等无相关关系。

关键词: 甘蔗种质, 甘蔗蓟马, 虫害指数, 耐害性, 生理生化指标

Abstract:

The tolerance of 12 sugarcane germplasms to sugarcane thrips was evaluated by natural population inoculation method. The results showed that there were great differences in the pest levels of different sugarcane germplasms. Among them, ‘Yunzhe 15-507’ had the least damage (pest index was 13.33%), and ‘Yunzhe 14-1010’ had the most serious damage (pest index was 73.33%). The results of correlation analysis showed that the correlation between pest index and leaf rolling rate was the strongest (R=0.9758), and the number of thrips adults was weakly correlated with pest index and leaf rolling rate. The 12 sugarcane germplasms could be divided into four pest tolerance grades from strong to weak, of which the first grade included ‘Yunzhe 135-507’, ‘Yunzhe 15-1679’ and ‘Yunzhe 14-1289’, the second grade included ‘Yunzhe 11-3898’ and ‘Yunzhe 14-1215’, the third grade included ‘Yunzhe 14-1208’, ‘Yunzhe 15-1629’, ‘Yunzhe 13-1821’ and ‘Yunzhe 12-1185’, and the fourth grade included ‘Yuetang 93-159’, ‘Yunzhe 13-1182’ and ‘Yunzhe 14-1010’. The analysis of the physiological and biochemical indexes related to the tolerance of sugarcane germplasms to insect pests showed that the pest index had a significantly negative correlation with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, a weakly positive correlation with catalase (CAT) activity, and no correlation with phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.

Key words: sugarcane germplasm, sugarcane thrips, pest index, pest tolerance, physiological and biochemical indexes

中图分类号:

S433.1

罗志明, 覃伟, 尹炯, 李银煳, 张荣跃, 李俊. 甘蔗种质对甘蔗蓟马的耐害性研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(34): 107-112.

LUO Zhiming, QIN Wei, YIN Jiong, LI Yinhu, ZHANG Rongyue, LI Jun. Tolerance of Sugarcane Germplasm to Sugarcane Thrips[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(34): 107-112.

图/表 9

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叶片受害等级	被害症状
0	叶片呈绿色，无受害
1	叶片呈绿色，有少量黄白色褪绿斑痕
3	叶片呈黄绿色，明显失绿
5	叶片呈淡黄色或黄色，明显失绿
7	叶片呈黄褐色，叶尖卷缩干枯
9	叶尖缠绕打结，整叶枯死

叶片受害等级	被害症状
0	叶片呈绿色，无受害
1	叶片呈绿色，有少量黄白色褪绿斑痕
3	叶片呈黄绿色，明显失绿
5	叶片呈淡黄色或黄色，明显失绿
7	叶片呈黄褐色，叶尖卷缩干枯
9	叶尖缠绕打结，整叶枯死

品种	蓟马数/(头/株)			虫害指数/%	卷叶率/%
品种	成虫	若虫	合计	虫害指数/%	卷叶率/%
云蔗14-1215	32.80d	31.60a	64.40b	24.44e	16.67f
云蔗14-1289	36.00c	28.00a	64.00b	20.00ef	6.67g
云蔗14-1208	29.80d	0.20e	30.00d	44.44c	46.67d
云蔗14-1010	60.40a	20.20b	80.60a	73.33a	100.00a
云蔗13-1821	34.20cd	4.80d	39.00c	35.56d	36.67e
云蔗13-1182	41.20c	4.20d	45.40c	53.33b	86.67b
云蔗15-507	15.60e	0.60e	16.20e	13.33f	3.33g
云蔗12-1185	50.20b	12.20c	62.40b	46.67c	63.33c
云蔗11-3898	10.20fg	0.40e	10.60e	26.67e	13.33f
云蔗15-1692	5.60g	0.00f	5.60f	42.22c	43.33d
云蔗15-1679	10.00fg	1.60de	11.60e	15.56f	3.33g
粤糖93-159	40.60c	30.60a	71.20ab	55.56b	83.33b

品种	蓟马数/(头/株)			虫害指数/%	卷叶率/%
品种	成虫	若虫	合计	虫害指数/%	卷叶率/%
云蔗14-1215	32.80d	31.60a	64.40b	24.44e	16.67f
云蔗14-1289	36.00c	28.00a	64.00b	20.00ef	6.67g
云蔗14-1208	29.80d	0.20e	30.00d	44.44c	46.67d
云蔗14-1010	60.40a	20.20b	80.60a	73.33a	100.00a
云蔗13-1821	34.20cd	4.80d	39.00c	35.56d	36.67e
云蔗13-1182	41.20c	4.20d	45.40c	53.33b	86.67b
云蔗15-507	15.60e	0.60e	16.20e	13.33f	3.33g
云蔗12-1185	50.20b	12.20c	62.40b	46.67c	63.33c
云蔗11-3898	10.20fg	0.40e	10.60e	26.67e	13.33f
云蔗15-1692	5.60g	0.00f	5.60f	42.22c	43.33d
云蔗15-1679	10.00fg	1.60de	11.60e	15.56f	3.33g
粤糖93-159	40.60c	30.60a	71.20ab	55.56b	83.33b

	若虫	蓟马合计数	虫害指数	卷叶率
成虫	0.5732	0.9187	0.6906	0.7173
若虫		0.8502	0.1849	0.1998
蓟马合计数			0.5328	0.5571
虫害指数				0.9758