PAM在土壤重金属污染植物修复中的作用及机理研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050116

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为一种性能优良的高分子聚合物，近年来广泛应用于农业水土保持及土壤改良。通过文献调研，在综述PAM对土壤中重金属作用及机理基础上，分析了其对土壤重金属污染植物修复的应用潜力：（1）PAM及其改性产物施用于土壤后可吸附特定的重金属离子，降低重金属对植物的毒害作用，但效果受pH值、温度等条件影响；（2）PAM在改善土壤理化性质的同时，可通过吸附、螯合及络合等作用抑制重金属的生物有效性，从而改善修复植物的生长条件。尽管PAM降解产物之一的丙烯酰胺单体(AMD)具有神经毒性，但是通过调节施加方式及引入降解微生物等方法可以避免PAM降解对土壤产生不良影响，进而将健康风险控制在安全范围内。因此，PAM是环境友好的重金属污染土壤植物修复促进剂，且其环境风险可控。

关键词: 辣椒, 辣椒, 化感自毒作用, 根系分泌物, 收集方法

Abstract: As a kind of high-molecular polymer with fine performance, polyacrylamide (PAM) is widely applied to soil and water conservation and soil reclamation in agriculture in recent years. The potential of its application in phytoremediation of heavy metals polluted soils was analyzed based on summarizing the roles and mechanisms of PAM to heavy metals in soil via the literature research: (1) PAM and its modified products could absorb specific metal ions and alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals to plants, but its efficiency is affected by pH, temperature, etc. (2) PAM could improve physicochemical properties of soils and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals through adsorption, chelation and complexation, so that improve the growing conditions of phytoremediation plants. Although acrylamide (AMD) as one of the degradation product of PAM exhibits neurotoxic effect, it could avoid the negative influence from the PAM degradation by adjusting the application way and adding degradation microorganism to maintain the health risk in a safe range. Thus, PAM is an environment-friendly accelerant for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils and its environmental risk could be controlled.

中图分类号:

孟繁健,朱宇恩,孟凡旭,李华,王宇喆. PAM在土壤重金属污染植物修复中的作用及机理研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(16): 92-99.

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