苗期甜菜根系分泌物的分布特征研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0477

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (17): 13-18.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0477

苗期甜菜根系分泌物的分布特征研究

王秋红(), 宋柏权, 王孝纯, 景若楠, 杨曦娅, 周建朝()

黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨 150080

收稿日期:2020-09-18 修回日期:2020-12-09 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-29
通讯作者: 周建朝
作者简介:王秋红,女,1972年出生,河北定县人,副研究员,博士,主要从事植物发育与营养调控研究。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,Tel：0451-86609405,E-mail：wangqiuhong119@126.com。
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助,“甜菜养分管理与土壤肥料岗位”(CARS-170204);黑龙江省科学基金项目“甜菜氮效率基因差异的生理机制研究”(C2018053);黑龙江大学2019年创新训练项目“不同基因型甜菜种子引发对幼苗生理特性的影响”(2019176);“不同氮效率基因型甜菜根系的差异研究”(2019180)

Distribution Characteristics of Beet Root Exudates in Seedling Stage

Wang Qiuhong(), Song Baiquan, Wang Xiaochun, Jing Ruonan, Yang Xiya, Zhou Jianchao()

College of Advanced Agricultural, Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080

Received:2020-09-18 Revised:2020-12-09 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-29
Contact: Zhou Jianchao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根系分泌物的量及分布特征直接影响着根际微生物的种群、结构和功能,进而间接影响着根际养分的有效性和作物的生长。本研究通过砂培盆栽培养,收集得到甜菜苗期的根系分泌物,利用高效液相色谱测定了根系分泌物中的3大类物质,包括土壤中常见的17种氨基酸、10种有机酸和4种糖类物质,并分析得到了到甜菜根表面不同距离的各种氨基酸、有机酸和糖类物质的含量及其分布特征。结果表明：总的来看,有机氮高效品种‘KWS8138’根系分泌物含量普遍高于有机氮低效品种‘Beta176’,距离根表面0~5 mm范围内降幅较大,随后逐渐趋于平缓。总氨基酸含量、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸和酪氨酸变化趋势相似。各种糖类物质的含量变化顺序为：葡萄糖>果糖>蔗糖>半乳糖。有机酸中草酸和甲酸的含量变化也是距离根表面越远越低缓。因此,沿甜菜根表面形成了根系分泌物的分布梯度,在为根际微生物提供能源和碳源的同时,对植物根际养分的有效吸收利用提供理论参考。

关键词: 甜菜, 根系分泌物, 分布特征, 根际, 氨基酸, 有机酸, 糖类物质

Abstract:

The content and distribution of root exudates directly affect the population, structure and function of rhizosphere microorganisms, which indirectly affect the availability of rhizosphere nutrients and crop growth. In this study, the root exudates of sugar beet seedlings were collected and cultured in a sand culture basin. The three major types of root exudates were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, including the common 17 amino acids, 10 organic acids and 4 saccharides in soil. The contents and distribution of amino acids, organic acids and saccharides were analyzed at different distances from the surface of the beet root. The results showed that: in general, the content of root exudates from the organic nitrogen efficient variety ‘KWS8138’ was higher than that from the organic nitrogen inefficient variety ‘Beta176’, which decreased greatly from 0 to 5 mm from the root surface, and then gradually became flat. The total amino acid content, glycine, alanine, serine, arginine and tyrosine showed similar trends. The order of saccharides content was: glucose>fructose>sucrose>galactose. The content changing trend of oxalic acid and formic acid in the organic acid was that the farther away from the root surface, the lower and slower it was. Therefore, the distribution gradient of root exudates was formed along the surface of beet roots, which provided energy and carbon sources for rhizosphere microorganisms. The study could be a theoretical reference for the effective absorption and utilization of plant rhizosphere nutrients.

Key words: sugar beet, root exudates, distribution characteristics, rhizosphere, amino acid, organic acid, saccharides

中图分类号:

S566.3

王秋红, 宋柏权, 王孝纯, 景若楠, 杨曦娅, 周建朝. 苗期甜菜根系分泌物的分布特征研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(17): 13-18.

Wang Qiuhong, Song Baiquan, Wang Xiaochun, Jing Ruonan, Yang Xiya, Zhou Jianchao. Distribution Characteristics of Beet Root Exudates in Seedling Stage[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(17): 13-18.

图/表 8

类别	基因型	来源	倍性	粒性
有机氮高效材料	KWS8138	德国KWS公司	二倍体	单粒
有机氮低效材料	Beta176	美国Beta公司	二倍体	多粒

表1. 试验材料表

名称		配制浓度	石英砂中用量/(mL/kg)
Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O		1 mol/L	3.57
MgSO₄·7H₂O		1 mol/L	2
KH₂PO₄		1 mol/L	2.11
K₂SO₄		0.5 mol/L	2.16
CaCl₂		1 mol/L	1.43
EDTA-Fe	EDTA（乙二胺四乙酸）	2.9 g/L	4
	FeSO₄·7H₂O	2.8 g/L
	KOH	3.3 g/L
混合微素	H₃BO₃	2.89 g/L	1
	MnSO₄·H₂O	2.50 g/L
	ZnSO₄·7H₂O	1.67 g/L
	CuSO₄·H₂O	0.08 g/L

表2. 培养液的配方

表3. 甜菜苗期根系分泌物中不同氨基酸距根表面不同距离的含量mg/kg

图1. 甜菜苗期根系分泌物中总氨基酸距根表面的变化趋势

图2. 甜菜苗期根系分泌物中小分子量氨基酸距根表面的变化趋势

图3. 甜菜苗期根系分泌物中大分子量氨基酸距根表面的变化趋势

图4. 甜菜苗期根系分泌物中草酸和甲酸距根表面的变化趋势

图5. 甜菜苗期根系分泌物中葡萄糖距根表面的变化趋势

参考文献 28

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苗期甜菜根系分泌物的分布特征研究

Distribution Characteristics of Beet Root Exudates in Seedling Stage

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