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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 88-94.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030106

所属专题： 小麦

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

颗粒组成变化对粘质盐土含盐量和小麦生长的影响

郑乾坤1, 毛伟兵1, 孙玉霞1, 傅建国2, 杨庆贺1   

  1. 1.山东农业大学水利土木工程学院;2.滨州市小开河引黄灌溉管理局
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-22 修回日期:2018-04-24 接受日期:2018-04-25 出版日期:2019-04-15 发布日期:2019-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 毛伟兵
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“引黄泥沙对黄河三角洲粘质盐土物理性状的改良研究”(41471184)。

Changes in Particle Composition Affect Salt Content and Wheat Growth in Clay Saline Soil

  • Received:2018-03-22 Revised:2018-04-24 Accepted:2018-04-25 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-15

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摘要： 为了研究利用引黄泥沙改良粘质盐土后对土壤含盐量和冬小麦生长的影响,在滨海粘质盐土区进行了配沙改良田间试验,设置了泥沙用量为0 kg/m2(CK)、10 kg/m2(NS1)和20 kg/m2(NS2),对比分析不同泥沙用量条件下粘质盐土的土壤含盐量、土壤剖面水盐动态、冬小麦生长及产量的变化规律。研究结果表明：引黄灌区干支渠系的淤积泥沙以0.1-0.05mm的极细沙粒为主,而田间粘质盐土中>0.05mm的颗粒比例低,<0.002mm的粘粒含量高,所以引黄泥沙是调控粘质盐土颗粒组成的优选材料。在春、秋土壤返盐季节,春季NS1和NS2处理0-20cm表层土壤含盐量分别比CK下降了45.88%和60.43%,秋季而分别下降了9.32%和44.46%。此外,与CK相比,NS1和NS2处理0-30cm土层的土壤含盐量分别降低了16.78%和28.58%,土壤含盐量随配沙量的增加而降低。含盐量降低促进了冬小麦冬前分蘖,增加株高和地上部生物量,与CK相比出现极显著差异(P＜0.01)。NS1和NS2的冬小麦产量比CK分别增加32.98%和62.63%,都达到极显著差异。因此,利用引黄泥沙调控粘质盐土的颗粒组成,可有效降低粘质盐土的土壤含盐量,对冬小麦的生长和产量具有十分明显的促进作用。

关键词: 大田土壤, 大田土壤, 微量元素, 耕种方式

Abstract: To study the effect of sediment reclamation of Yellow River on soil salt content and the growth of winter wheat, we carried out a sand-addition experiment [0 kg/m2(CK), 10 kg/m2(NS1) and 20 kg/m2(NS2)] in the coastal saline soil area, and analyzed the changes of soil salt content, soil water and salt dynamics, the growth and yield of winter wheat and other indicators. The results showed that: the particle composition of the Yellow River sediment and the clay saline soil were obviously different, and the fine sand particles in the Yellow River sediment could regulate the particle composition of the clay saline soil; furthermore, the soil salt content decreased with the increasing amount of sediment: compared with CK, the salt content of 0-20 cm layer under NS1 and NS2 was reduced by 45.88% and 60.43% in spring and decreased by 9.32% and 44.46% in autumn; compared with CK, the winter wheat tiller, plant height, shoot biomass and winter wheat yield under NS1 and NS2 were significantly increased (P<0.01), the winter wheat yield of NS1 and NS2 increased by 32.98% and 62.63% , respectively. Therefore, Yellow River sediment can effectively regulate the particle composition of clay saline soil, reduce soil salt content, and promote growth as well as crop yield of winter wheat.