不同种植密度对寒地水稻浅土层热效应的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高人们对寒地水稻浅土层热效应特征变化的认知度。试验在大田条件下,以‘空育131’为试验材料,设置行株距30×8 cm (D₁)、30×10 cm (D₂)、30×12 cm (D₃)、30×14 cm (D₄)、30×16 cm (D₅) 5个密度水平,分析不同种植密度对浅土层热效应的影响。结果表明,各土层温度在抽穗期达最高值,灌浆后开始下降,且温差缩小,其中以10 cm土层温度稳定性最高。受种植密度影响,高密度处理下土温白天增温快,夜间最低,昼夜温差大,最高日平均温度出现的早,其中D₁、D₂处理在10 cm、15 cm土温变化上几乎同步。相比之下,各土层T_max、T_min出现时间随土层的加深而向后推迟,生育期内T_avg、T_max、T_min与气温极显著正相关,而T_max-_min则随密度的增加有减小的趋势,主要表现在分蘖期和成熟期,且作用效果随密度增加而增大。产量以D₂处理最高,表现为9.27 t/hm ²,较D₁、D₅处理增幅13.5%~14.6%。说明适宜密度条件能够实现对浅土层热效应的科学调控,并获得产量的提高。

关键词: 寒地水稻, 密度, 热效应, 产量

Abstract:

The objective is to improve people’s awareness of the thermal effect change in shallow soil of rice in cold region. The experiment was carried out in field, and ‘Kongyu131’ was used as the experimental material. Five planting densities were set up, including 30×8 cm (D₁), 30×10 cm (D₂), 30×12 cm (D₃), 30×14 cm (D₄) and 30×16 cm (D₅), respectively. The effects of different planting densities on the thermal effect of shallow soil were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature of all soil layers reached the highest value at heading stage, and began to decrease after grain filling, and the temperature difference was reduced. The temperature stability of 10 cm soil was the highest. Under the influence of planting density, the soil temperature of high density treatment increased rapidly during the day, the temperature at night was the lowest, and the temperature difference between day and night was large, and the highest daily average temperature appeared earlier. The soil temperature of D₁ and D₂ treatments changed almost synchronously in 10 cm and 15 cm soil layers. In contrast, the occurrence time of T_max and T_min in different soil layers was postponed with the deepening of soil depth. T_avg, T_max and T_min were positively correlated with air temperature during the whole growth period, while T_max-min tended to decrease with the increase of density. The main effects were at tillering stage and filling stage, and the effect increased with the density. D₂ treatment had the highest yield of 9.27 t/hm ², increased by 13.5%-14.6% compared with D₁ and D₅ treatments. It showed that the appropriate density condition could realize the scientific regulation of the thermal effect of shallow soil layer and improve the yield.

Key words: rice in cold region, density, thermal effect, yield

中图分类号:

S511

赵黎明, 顾春梅, 王士强, 王丽萍, 王贺, 那永光, 解保胜. 不同种植密度对寒地水稻浅土层热效应的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(3): 7-15.

Zhao Liming, Gu Chunmei, Wang Shiqiang, Wang Liping, Wang He, Na Yongguang, Xie Baosheng. Planting Density Affects the Thermal Effect in Shallow Soil of Cold Region Rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(3): 7-15.

图/表 7

参考文献 33

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生育时期	土层深度	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
返青期	5 cm	0.9731^**	0.9549^**	0.9543^**	0.9435^**	0.9422^**
	10 cm	0.9231^**	0.9320^**	0.9366^**	0.9303^**	0.9302^**
	15 cm	0.9193^**	0.9240^**	0.9272^**	0.9295^**	0.9272^**
分蘖期	5 cm	0.9409^**	0.8378^**	0.7916^**	0.7621^**	0.7468^**
	10 cm	0.5366^*	0.5540^*	0.2300	- 0.1300	- 0.1900
	15 cm	- 0.3900	- 0.4359^*	- 0.5665^**	- 0.6898^**	-0.7887^**
生育转换期	5 cm	0.9233^**	0.8319^**	0.8094^**	0.7836^**	0.7750^**
	10 cm	0.4375^*	0.4629^*	0.3900	0.3224	0.2877
	15 cm	0.1449	0.1200	- 0.0235	- 0.1893	-0.4012^**
拔节孕穗期	5 cm	0.9105^**	0.8123^**	0.7721^**	0.7192^**	0.7606^**
	10 cm	0.3700	0.3980^*	0.2900	0.1600	0.2100
	15 cm	0.0200	0.0100	- 0.1600	- 0.3700	- 0.0887
抽穗期	5 cm	0.8169^**	0.6913^**	0.6362^**	0.6082^**	0.5990^**
	10 cm	0.1735	0.2052	0.0922	- 0.0447	- 0.0173
	15 cm	- 0.1868	- 0.2184	- 0.3912	- 0.5772^**	- 0.3116
灌浆初期	5 cm	0.8422^**	0.7122^**	0.6629^**	0.6365^**	0.6183^**
	10 cm	0.2331	0.2447	0.1487	0.0283	0.0335
	15 cm	- 0.1131	- 0.1456	- 0.3092	- 0.4908^*	- 0.2644
灌浆盛期	5 cm	0.9002^**	0.7605^**	0.7502^**	0.7404^**	0.6480^**
	10 cm	0.2825	0.2449	0.1594	0.0728	- 0.0283
	15 cm	- 0.1364	- 0.2315	- 0.4407^*	-0.6415^**	- 0.3326
灌浆末期	5 cm	0.9474^**	0.8608^**	0.8508^**	0.8617^**	0.7321^**
	10 cm	0.5698^**	0.5033^*	0.4860^*	0.4725^*	0.2898
	15 cm	0.3102	0.1885	0.0557	- 0.1109	0.1136

生育时期	土层深度	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
返青期	5 cm	0.9731^**	0.9549^**	0.9543^**	0.9435^**	0.9422^**
	10 cm	0.9231^**	0.9320^**	0.9366^**	0.9303^**	0.9302^**
	15 cm	0.9193^**	0.9240^**	0.9272^**	0.9295^**	0.9272^**
分蘖期	5 cm	0.9409^**	0.8378^**	0.7916^**	0.7621^**	0.7468^**
	10 cm	0.5366^*	0.5540^*	0.2300	- 0.1300	- 0.1900
	15 cm	- 0.3900	- 0.4359^*	- 0.5665^**	- 0.6898^**	-0.7887^**
生育转换期	5 cm	0.9233^**	0.8319^**	0.8094^**	0.7836^**	0.7750^**
	10 cm	0.4375^*	0.4629^*	0.3900	0.3224	0.2877
	15 cm	0.1449	0.1200	- 0.0235	- 0.1893	-0.4012^**
拔节孕穗期	5 cm	0.9105^**	0.8123^**	0.7721^**	0.7192^**	0.7606^**
	10 cm	0.3700	0.3980^*	0.2900	0.1600	0.2100
	15 cm	0.0200	0.0100	- 0.1600	- 0.3700	- 0.0887
抽穗期	5 cm	0.8169^**	0.6913^**	0.6362^**	0.6082^**	0.5990^**
	10 cm	0.1735	0.2052	0.0922	- 0.0447	- 0.0173
	15 cm	- 0.1868	- 0.2184	- 0.3912	- 0.5772^**	- 0.3116
灌浆初期	5 cm	0.8422^**	0.7122^**	0.6629^**	0.6365^**	0.6183^**
	10 cm	0.2331	0.2447	0.1487	0.0283	0.0335
	15 cm	- 0.1131	- 0.1456	- 0.3092	- 0.4908^*	- 0.2644
灌浆盛期	5 cm	0.9002^**	0.7605^**	0.7502^**	0.7404^**	0.6480^**
	10 cm	0.2825	0.2449	0.1594	0.0728	- 0.0283
	15 cm	- 0.1364	- 0.2315	- 0.4407^*	-0.6415^**	- 0.3326
灌浆末期	5 cm	0.9474^**	0.8608^**	0.8508^**	0.8617^**	0.7321^**
	10 cm	0.5698^**	0.5033^*	0.4860^*	0.4725^*	0.2898
	15 cm	0.3102	0.1885	0.0557	- 0.1109	0.1136

土深	土温	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
5 cm	T_avg	0.9087^**	0.9053^**	0.9023^**	0.8989^**	0.8962^**
	T_max	0.8798^**	0.8604^**	0.8667^**	0.8520^**	0.8525^**
	T_min	0.9001^**	0.8949^**	0.8943^**	0.8934^**	0.8915^**
	T_max-min	- 0.0883	- 0.0200	- 0.0781	- 0.1382	- 0.0155
10 cm	T_avg	0.8936^**	0.8929^**	0.88969^**	0.8863^**	0.8835^**
	T_max	0.8820^**	0.8824^**	0.8774^**	0.8717^**	0.8630^**
	T_min	0.8841^**	0.8835^**	0.8824^**	0.8811^**	0.8782^**
	T_max-min	- 0.1414	- 0.0480	- 0.0883	- 0.1292	- 0.0583
15 cm	T_avg	0.8843^**	0.8827^**	0.8778^**	0.8726^**	0.8776^**
	T_max	0.8820^**	0.8770^**	0.8706^**	0.8633^**	0.8705^**
	T_min	0.8840^**	0.8762^**	0.8733^**	0.8704^**	0.8731^**
	T_max-min	- 0.1411	- 0.0954	- 0.1311	- 0.1706	- 0.0949

土深	土温	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
5 cm	T_avg	0.9087^**	0.9053^**	0.9023^**	0.8989^**	0.8962^**
	T_max	0.8798^**	0.8604^**	0.8667^**	0.8520^**	0.8525^**
	T_min	0.9001^**	0.8949^**	0.8943^**	0.8934^**	0.8915^**
	T_max-min	- 0.0883	- 0.0200	- 0.0781	- 0.1382	- 0.0155
10 cm	T_avg	0.8936^**	0.8929^**	0.88969^**	0.8863^**	0.8835^**
	T_max	0.8820^**	0.8824^**	0.8774^**	0.8717^**	0.8630^**
	T_min	0.8841^**	0.8835^**	0.8824^**	0.8811^**	0.8782^**
	T_max-min	- 0.1414	- 0.0480	- 0.0883	- 0.1292	- 0.0583
15 cm	T_avg	0.8843^**	0.8827^**	0.8778^**	0.8726^**	0.8776^**
	T_max	0.8820^**	0.8770^**	0.8706^**	0.8633^**	0.8705^**
	T_min	0.8840^**	0.8762^**	0.8733^**	0.8704^**	0.8731^**
	T_max-min	- 0.1411	- 0.0954	- 0.1311	- 0.1706	- 0.0949

处理	有效茎数/(个/m²)	每穗粒数/个	每穗粒重/g	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(t/hm²)
D₁	687.6 aA	61.5 c	1.20 dC	75.56 cC	25.88 b	8.16 bB
D₂	692.5 aA	63.9 bc	1.33 cB	80.14 bB	26.08 ab	9.27 aA
D₃	642.3 bA	63.5 b	1.43 bA	85.61 aA	26.48 a	8.94 aAB
D₄	589.1 cB	66.1 a	1.46 abA	84.45 aA	26.29 ab	8.66 abAB
D₅	544.8 dC	68.2 a	1.51 aA	83.25 aA	25.72 b	8.11 bB