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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 36-43.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110011

所属专题： 马铃薯

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期定位轮作施肥对马铃薯产量和水肥利用效率的影响

张君1,2,3,4, 潘志华3,4,5, 段玉1,2,3,4(), 赵沛义1,2,3,4, 王博1,2,3,4,5, 李焕春1,2,3,4, 连海飞1   

  1. 1 内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,呼和浩特 010031
    2 内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,呼和浩特 010031
    3 农业部武川农业环境科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705
    4 农业部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705
    5 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-05 修回日期:2019-02-15 出版日期:2020-02-05 发布日期:2020-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 段玉
  • 作者简介:张君,男,1982年出生,内蒙古人,副研究员,博士,主要从事旱作农业与土壤肥料方面研究。通信地址：010031 内蒙古呼和浩特市玉泉区昭君路22号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,E-mail：64359906@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“长期轮作施肥下旱地栗钙土肥力演变及施肥肥效研究”(2015MS0379);公益性行业(农业)科研专项“北方一熟区耕地培肥与合理轮作制”(201503120);内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目“长期定位施肥对轮作作物产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响研究”(2016QNJJN05)

The Effects of Long-term Positioning Fertilizer on Yield, Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rotation Potato

Zhang Jun1,2,3,4, Pan Zhihua3,4,5, Duan Yu1,2,3,4(), Zhao Peiyi1,2,3,4, Wang Bo1,2,3,4,5, Li Huanchun1,2,3,4, Lian Haifei1   

  1. 1 Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031
    2 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031
    3 Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705
    4 Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705
    5 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2018-11-05 Revised:2019-02-15 Online:2020-02-05 Published:2020-02-08
  • Contact: Duan Yu

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摘要：

为探究阴山北麓地区干旱栗钙土长期施肥的施肥效应,基于内蒙古武川旱作试验站的长期定位试验(2004—2016),研究长期不同施肥处理对2016年马铃薯产量、养分吸收和水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯叶面积指数、干物质量和NPK养分吸收量,最大叶面积指数为2.19,植株干物质积累量最高为136.53 g/株,植株N、P、K养分最大吸收量分别为3.35、0.36、6.99 g/株。化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯总产量、商品薯产量和商品薯率,相比于对照,总产量分别提高110.57%和85.44%,商品薯产量分别提高295.11%和247.56%,商品薯率提高25个百分点。化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯水分利用效率,水分利用效率分别为42.98、38.27 kg/(hm 2·mm),相比于对照分别提高104.72%和38.27%。化肥平衡配施(NPK)当季肥料利用率最高,N、P2O5、K2O利用率分别为25.44%、20.78%和61.13%。生产1 t马铃薯鲜薯吸收N 3.79~6.41 kg,平均5.29 kg;吸收P2O5 1.28~1.80 kg,平均1.61 kg;吸收K2O 5.44~11.70 kg,平均7.99 kg。该研究可为阴山北麓地区旱地马铃薯合理施肥提供科学依据。

关键词: 长期施肥, 马铃薯, 养分吸收, 产量, 水肥利用效率

Abstract:

To reveal the effects of long-term fertilization on the chestnut soil in the north Yinshan area, potato yield, nutrient absorption, water and fertilizer use efficiency were studied based on the long-term positioning experiment in the Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia. Results showed that LAI, biomass and fertilizer absorption could be significantly enhanced under the combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer (NPK+O) or balanced fertilization (NPK). The maximum LAI and biomass were 2.19 and 136.53 g/plant. The maximum amount of absorption of N, P and K was 3.35, 0.36 and 6.99 g/plant, respectively. Combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer (NPK+O) and balanced fertilization (NPK) could also enhance the potato yield, water use efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency. Potato yield could be increased by 110.57% and 85.44% compared with potato planted without fertilization of NPK+O and NPK. Under the condition of NPK+O and NPK, the commercial yield could be enhanced by 295.11% and 247.56%, the commercial rate was raised by 25 percentage point. Water use efficiency could be enhanced to 42.98、38.27 kg/(hm 2·mm), 107.42% and 38.27% higher than that of the control. The use efficiency of N, P2O5 and K2O was 25.44%, 20.78% and 61.13%, respectively. Producing 1 t potato needed to uptake 3.79-6.41 kg N, 1.28-1.80 kg P2O5 and 5.44-11.70 kg K2O, and the average value was 5.29, 1.61 and 7.99 kg, respectively. The study could provide a basis for optimizing the fertilization of rainfed potato in the north Yinshan area.

Key words: long-term fertilization, potato, nutrient absorption, yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency

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