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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (18): 128-134.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120123

所属专题： 油料作物； 园艺

• 植物保护 农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同化除处理对免耕山地油菜杂草防效及其产量的影响

杨进成1, 陶春红2, 刘坚坚1, 李 祥1, 瞿 观1, 胡新洲1, 李灶福3, 封军华4, 李艳兰1, 安正云1, 李红彦1, 李 铷5   

  1. 1.玉溪市农业科学院;2.峨山县农产品质量安全检测站;3.易门县农业技术推广站;4.元江县农业技术推广站;5.云南农业大学植物保护学院
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-28 修回日期:2019-06-06 接受日期:2019-02-20 出版日期:2019-07-01 发布日期:2019-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 李 铷
  • 基金资助:
    云南省创新人才培养计划(2011CI103)；云南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(ynnycyjstx-5)；玉溪市重点实验室计划(ZX200901)。

Chemical Herbicide Treatments: Control Efficacy of Weeds and Effect on Rapeseed Yield in No-till Mountainous Areas

  • Received:2018-12-28 Revised:2019-06-06 Accepted:2019-02-20 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-01

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摘要： 【目的】为有效筛选并推荐丰产性、稳定性和经济性好的免耕山地油菜化学除草技术在低纬高原山区推广应用,【方法】采用灰色关联度和模糊聚类等分析方法,对玉溪市2013-2015三年4个不同海拔试点的9种化除处理进行杂草防效、丰产性、稳定性和经济性对比分析。【结果】结果表明：(1)免耕山地油菜杂草涉及3纲12目11科25属26种,其中以胜红蓟、辣子草、尼泊尔蓼和马唐4种居多,分别占杂草总数的43.80%、34.04%、10.40%和4.41%；(2)不同化学除草处理油菜主要农艺因子与产量的关联度有明显差异,其中,油菜单株有效角果数与产量关联度最大；(3)不同化学除草处理之间的防效有不同程度的差异,其中,药后30天防效在80%以上的有3个处理,其杂草防效分别为89.8%、89.6%和85.6%；(4)不同化学除草处理之间的油菜产量都有不同程度的差异,尤其产量居前2位的2个处理与对照清水、丙酯草醚、精奎禾灵、禾耐斯4个处理之间产量达极显著差异,两处理分别比对照增产52.25%和50.04%；(5)草甘膦+禾耐斯、草甘膦+禾耐斯+丙酯草醚+精奎禾灵2个处理在4个试点的丰产性和稳定性综合评价均为很好,但前者比后者节省成本1065.0元/hm2。【结论】推荐低纬高原山区免耕油菜采用分段化学除草方法,即油菜播种前10-15天用41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS4.5kg/hm2+油菜播后芽前用90%禾耐斯EC600ml/hm2对水600kg均匀喷施墒面和沟。

关键词: 崇明水仙, 崇明水仙, 鳞片, 愈伤组织

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to screen and recommend the herbicides to control weeds in rapeseed fields in no-till mountain areas, 【Method】the weed control efficacy of nine herbicides, high and stable yields, and economic characteristics of rapeseed fields grown in 4 different altitude no-till mountain areas were compared, by using grey relation analysis and fuzzy clustering methods, during the year of 2013 and the year of 2015 in Yuxi city. 【Results】The results have illustrated that: (1) Weeds belonging 3 classes, 12 orders, 11 families, 25 genus and 26 species were found in the no-till rapeseed field. Ageratum conyzoides L., Galinsoga parviflora, Polygonum nepalense Meisn, and Digitaria sanguinalis (L. ) Scop. were main weeds, accounting for 43.80%, 34.0%, 10.40% and 4.4% of total weeds number, respectively; (2) there was varied association between main agronomic characteristics and different treatments of herbicides, number of effective silique per plant was the most association; (3) there were significant difference among the different weed control efficacy of herbicides. There were 3 treatments reaching 80% control efficacy after 30 day application, and their control efficacy were 89.8%, 89.6% and 85.6%, respectively. (4) The rapeseed yield treated with different herbicides varied at different degree. Compared to control, the rapeseed fields treated with Pyribambenz-propyl, Quizalofop-P, Acetochlor had higher yield. The first two herbicides increased yield by 52.25% and 50.04%, respectively. (5) Two treatments of Glyphosate+Acetochlor, and Glyphosate + Acetochlor+ Pyribambenz-propyl + Quizalofop-P showed the good comprehensive evaluation regarding to the index of high and stable yield in 4 different trials. Furthermore, the first treatment could save cost by 1065.0 yuan/hm2, compared to the latter. 【Conclusion】Therefore, in the no-till rapeseed fields in low latitude mountain areas, we recommended to use the herbicides according to phase of rapeseed growing. 10-15 day before seeding, 41% Glyphosate-isopropylammonium was sprayed according to the concentration of 4.5kg/hm2, and 90% Acetochlor 600ml/hm2 mixed with 600kg water could spray evenly in the field before rapeseed germinate.

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