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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2003, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 66-66.

所属专题： 水稻

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥高效利用水稻育种的现状与展望

罗志祥) 苏泽胜) 施伏芝) 阮新民) 朴钟泽)   

  • 出版日期:2003-02-25 发布日期:2003-02-25

The Present Situation and Forecasting for High Efficient nitrogen Utilization of Rice Breeding

)Luo Zhixiang )Su Zesheng )Shi Fuzhi )Ruan Xinming )Piao Zhongze   

  • Online:2003-02-25 Published:2003-02-25

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摘要： 我国水稻对氮肥的利用率平均仅在28%-37%之间(低于世界一般水平15-20个百分点)。江苏一季的施氮量超过国际公认的的安全标准（年施氮量225kg/hm2）达27.6%。按此标准，则每年至少造成180万吨的氮肥（纯N）的浪费。将带来严重的环境污染。缓释、控释性等有机肥料的施用，可提高氮素的利用率，但成本太高。我国科学家已在水稻第12条染色体上检出1个QTL与氮素利用率关联，且表现出显著的加性和显性效应。因此，培育适合于不同栽培条件的氮高效新品种，是切实可行的。这对于降低氮素肥料的使用量，保护环境，意义十分重大。

关键词: 水稻, 水稻, 稻米镉含量, 水分管理, 生育时期

Abstract: The average nitrogen utilization ratio is among 28%-37% in rice in our country. The amount of nitrogen use in one season is 27.6% more than the international generally accepted standard. So, 1.8 million tones nitrogen was wasted in every year, and serve pollution were made. The utilization of some slow-released chemical manures could improve the nitrogen utilization ratio. But, the cost was so high. Our country’s scientists have checked up one QTL, which was relation to nitrogen utilization ratio. It displayed addition and dominant effect. So, breeding new rice varieties of high efficient nitrogen utilization which adept to different cultivation conditions was practical and effective. It has an important meaning to reducing the amount of nitrogen use and protecting the environment.