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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (16): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020063

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

拔节期氮肥运筹对不同滴灌量下冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

张永强1,2(), 张璐1,2, 陈传信1,2, 赛力汗·赛1,2, 薛丽华1,2, 陈兴武1,2,*(), 雷钧杰1,2,*()   

  1. 1. 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
    2. 农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-26 修回日期:2019-03-22 出版日期:2020-06-05 发布日期:2020-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 陈兴武,雷钧杰
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目“氮肥运筹对新疆滴灌冬小麦产量和品质形成的调控机制”(31660370);自治区重点研发计划项目“滴灌小麦水肥药一体化栽培技术研究与示范”(2016B01002-3);国家小麦产业技术体系“乌鲁木齐综合试验站”(CARS-3-49);上海合作组织科技伙伴计划项目“中哈粮食作物高产优质高效生产关键技术研究与示范”(2017E01023)

Nitrogen Application at Jointing Stage Under Different Drip Irrigation Amount: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

Zhang Yongqiang1,2(), Zhang Lu1,2, Chen Chuanxin1,2, Sai Lihan·Sai1,2, Xue Lihua1,2, Chen Xingwu1,2,*(), Lei Junjie1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091
    2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091
  • Received:2019-02-26 Revised:2019-03-22 Online:2020-06-05 Published:2020-05-20
  • Contact: Chen Xingwu,Lei Junjie

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摘要：

为探明拔节期氮肥运筹对不同滴灌量下冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响,在大田滴灌技术条件下,以‘新冬41号’为试验材料,研究4种拔节期氮肥运筹处理[N0(0 kg/hm2)、N1(90 kg/hm2)、N2(180 kg/hm2)、N3(270 kg/hm2)]对3种不同滴灌量[W1(1500 m3/hm2)、W2(3000 m3/hm2)、W3(3450 m3/hm2)]下冬小麦叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶片光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,在3种滴灌量下各氮肥处理冬小麦拔节至乳熟期叶片SPAD值均呈“先增后降”的变化规律,最大值均在灌浆期;LAI呈现“先增后降”的变化规律,在孕穗期达最大。在同一施氮水平下,滴灌量增加,叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均增加,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则降低。滴灌量较低时（W1处理）,增加拔节期施氮量能有效提高滴灌冬小麦的有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量和收获系数;水分充足时（W2、W3处理）,增加拔节期施氮量反而不利于产量的提高。综合考虑各项产量指标及氮肥利用效率得出,在滴灌量3000 m3/hm2条件下,拔节期施氮量180 kg/hm2时,滴灌冬小麦籽粒产量较高,氮肥利用率最大,可供生产参考。

关键词: 冬小麦, 氮肥运筹, 滴灌量, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

The aim is to investigate the effects of nitrogen application at jointing stage on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation. Under the condition of field drip irrigation, ‘Xindong 41’ was used as the experimental material, and four different nitrogen application treatments [N0 (0 kg/hm 2), N1 (90 kg/hm2), N2 (180 kg/hm2), N3 (270 kg/hm2)] under three different drip irrigation amount [W1 (1500 m3/hm2), W2 (3000 m3/hm2), W3 (3450 m3/hm2)] were conducted to study the effects of different treatments on chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat. The results showed that the SPAD value of different nitrogen application treatments under three kinds of drip irrigation were all presented a trend of “first increase and then decrease” from jointing to milking stage, the maximum value was at the filling stage. LAI showed “first increase and then decrease” tendency and reached the maximum at booting stage. Under the same nitrogen application level, with the amount of drip irrigation increase, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of the leaves increased while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased. At the low level drip irrigation amount (W1 treatment), increasing the nitrogen application at jointing stage could increase the spike number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight, yield and harvest index effectively, but it had adverse effect on yield when the water was sufficient (W2 and W3 treatment). Based on the comprehensive analysis of various yield indicators and nitrogen use efficiency, under the condition of drip irrigation amount of 3000 m3/hm2 and the nitrogen application of 180 kg/hm2, the winter wheat could obtain relatively high grain yield and maximum nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: winter wheat, nitrogen application, drip irrigation amount, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

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