960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油对玉米田禾本科杂草的防除效果

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010122

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油对玉米田禾本科杂草的防除效果,采用田间试验和仪器测定分析的方法,明确药剂对玉米田间主要杂草的控制效果、杂草防除对田间的透光率和玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明：喷施960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油对玉米田马唐、稗草和虮子草等主要杂草防控效果显著且作用持久,施药后30、60、90天对杂草的密度防效均达到90%以上;施药后90天对杂草的综合鲜重防效达92.41%~99.47%。药剂处理后显著增强玉米田间中下部透光率,增加了玉米的吸光率,显著提高玉米产量,增收23.28%~28.95%。研究结果表明精异丙甲草胺能有效防除玉米田禾本科杂草,促进玉米增产增收。

关键词: 精异丙甲草胺, 玉米, 杂草, 防除效果, 透光率, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the control effect of 960 g/L S-metolachlor EC on gramineous weeds in corn field, the field test and instrumental analysis were conducted to investigate the control effect of the herbicide, and the effect of weed control on the light penetration rate in field, and the growth and yield of corn. The results showed that 960 g/L of S-metolachlor EC had significant and long-lasting effect on controlling Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli and Leptochloa panicea. The density control effect of weeds in different periods (30 d, 60 d and 90 d) after spraying was more than 90%, and the fresh weight control effect on weeds was 92.41%-99.47% after 90 days of treatment. The light penetration rate in the middle and lower parts of the corn field was significantly enhanced, so the light absorbance by corn was increased. The yield of corn was significantly increased by 23.28%-28.95%. The results showed that S-metolachlor can effectively control gramineous weeds in corn field and promote corn yield and farmers’ income.

Key words: S-metolachlor, maize, weeds, control effect, light penetration rate, yield

中图分类号:

S482.4+6

朱文达, 余锦平, 齐文全, 何燕红, 李林, 刘晓洪. 960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油对玉米田禾本科杂草的防除效果[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(15): 136-141.

Zhu Wenda, Yu Jinping, Qi Wenquan, He Yanhong, Li Lin, Liu Xiaohong. Control Effect of 960 g/L S-metolachlor EC on Gramineous Weeds in Corn Field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(15): 136-141.

图/表 4

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处理		密度防效
处理		马唐	稗草	虮子草	综合
30 d	A	92.94±7.27bA	90.87±7.46bB	93.87±4.25bA	92.18±4.03cC
	B	96.30±4.34abA	96.76±3.87aAB	96.73±4.05abA	96.67±1.02bBC
	C	98.53±2.94abA	99.38±1.25aA	96.88±6.25abA	98.75±1.85aAB
	D	100.00±0.00aA	99.04±1.92aA	100.00±0.00aA	99.51±0.98aA
	E	95.53±3.00abA	98.32±1.98aAB	95.68±5.90abA	96.88±2.00bBC
	F	69.76±2.07cB	73.06±6.67cC	74.46±5.62cB	72.72±2.39dD
	G	—	—	—	—
60 d	A	90.18±4.48cB	91.51±0.88bB	90.29±1.59bA	90.97±1.71cB
	B	95.27±4.35bcAB	96.47±3.13aAB	92.95±8.79abA	95.89±3.14bAB
	C	96.23±4.99bAB	98.22±2.15aA	96.03±4.88abA	97.37±2.60abA
	D	100.00±0.00aA	99.31±1.39aA	98.53±2.94aA	99.28±0.84aA
	E	94.13±4.85bcB	97.69±2.78aA	95.23±5.52abA	96.14±3.88abAB
	F	64.96±2.03dC	68.69±5.05cC	65.98±13.95cB	67.20±4.40dC
	G	—	—	—	—
90 d	A	88.99±6.16cB	90.74±10.44bA	91.73±6.14aA	91.28±4.31cC
	B	94.63±4.42bcAB	95.12±1.00abA	94.37±3.76aA	94.77±1.57cBC
	C	96.89±2.17abAB	98.64±1.61abA	97.22±5.56aA	97.70±1.86abAB
	D	99.38±1.25aA	99.22±1.56aA	99.04±1.92aA	99.05±1.15aA
	E	93.90±3.70bcB	96.71±3.22abA	95.44±5.51aA	95.55±2.28bcBC
	F	59.70±4.22dC	63.73±10.50cB	64.47±8.00bB	63.00±3.92dD
	G	—	—	—	—

处理		密度防效
处理		马唐	稗草	虮子草	综合
30 d	A	92.94±7.27bA	90.87±7.46bB	93.87±4.25bA	92.18±4.03cC
	B	96.30±4.34abA	96.76±3.87aAB	96.73±4.05abA	96.67±1.02bBC
	C	98.53±2.94abA	99.38±1.25aA	96.88±6.25abA	98.75±1.85aAB
	D	100.00±0.00aA	99.04±1.92aA	100.00±0.00aA	99.51±0.98aA
	E	95.53±3.00abA	98.32±1.98aAB	95.68±5.90abA	96.88±2.00bBC
	F	69.76±2.07cB	73.06±6.67cC	74.46±5.62cB	72.72±2.39dD
	G	—	—	—	—
60 d	A	90.18±4.48cB	91.51±0.88bB	90.29±1.59bA	90.97±1.71cB
	B	95.27±4.35bcAB	96.47±3.13aAB	92.95±8.79abA	95.89±3.14bAB
	C	96.23±4.99bAB	98.22±2.15aA	96.03±4.88abA	97.37±2.60abA
	D	100.00±0.00aA	99.31±1.39aA	98.53±2.94aA	99.28±0.84aA
	E	94.13±4.85bcB	97.69±2.78aA	95.23±5.52abA	96.14±3.88abAB
	F	64.96±2.03dC	68.69±5.05cC	65.98±13.95cB	67.20±4.40dC
	G	—	—	—	—
90 d	A	88.99±6.16cB	90.74±10.44bA	91.73±6.14aA	91.28±4.31cC
	B	94.63±4.42bcAB	95.12±1.00abA	94.37±3.76aA	94.77±1.57cBC
	C	96.89±2.17abAB	98.64±1.61abA	97.22±5.56aA	97.70±1.86abAB
	D	99.38±1.25aA	99.22±1.56aA	99.04±1.92aA	99.05±1.15aA
	E	93.90±3.70bcB	96.71±3.22abA	95.44±5.51aA	95.55±2.28bcBC
	F	59.70±4.22dC	63.73±10.50cB	64.47±8.00bB	63.00±3.92dD
	G	—	—	—	—

处理		鲜重防效
处理		马唐	稗草	虮子草	综合
90 d	A	90.17±7.23cB	92.50±8.84bA	92.98±4.94aA	92.41±4.48cC
	B	95.75±3.73bcAB	96.07±1.13abA	95.54±2.99aA	95.91±2.11bcBC
	C	97.65±1.63abAB	98.99±1.17abA	98.04±3.92aA	98.21±1.20abAB
	D	99.71±0.57aA	99.46±1.08aA	99.47±1.06aA	99.47±0.62aA
	E	94.42±3.52bcB	97.56±2.27abA	96.27±4.71aA	96.18±1.88bcBC
	F	58.56±7.69dC	64.68±9.51cB	66.93±8.71bB	62.57±7.22dD
	G	—	—	—	—

处理		鲜重防效
处理		马唐	稗草	虮子草	综合
90 d	A	90.17±7.23cB	92.50±8.84bA	92.98±4.94aA	92.41±4.48cC
	B	95.75±3.73bcAB	96.07±1.13abA	95.54±2.99aA	95.91±2.11bcBC
	C	97.65±1.63abAB	98.99±1.17abA	98.04±3.92aA	98.21±1.20abAB
	D	99.71±0.57aA	99.46±1.08aA	99.47±1.06aA	99.47±0.62aA
	E	94.42±3.52bcB	97.56±2.27abA	96.27±4.71aA	96.18±1.88bcBC
	F	58.56±7.69dC	64.68±9.51cB	66.93±8.71bB	62.57±7.22dD
	G	—	—	—	—

处理	不同高度的透光率		杂草高度/cm	玉米株高/cm
处理	60 cm	10 cm	杂草高度/cm	玉米株高/cm
A	44.00%±1.00%aAB	19.78%±1.81%bcAB	58.33±4.04cB	239.33±6.81abcA
B	44.88%±2.13%aA	20.72%±1.16%abAB	50.00±9.17cB	227.67±2.08bcdAB
C	40.56%±3.14%abABC	22.80%±1.56%aA	53.00±13.11cB	229.67±3.21bcdAB
D	42.76%±3.23%aAB	21.12%±0.51%abAB	53.33±2.08cB	244.33±10.50a7A
E	37.48%±2.17%bBCD	17.75%±1.63%cB	64.67±5.51cB	219.33±6.11dB
F	35.93%±1.06%bcCD	11.39%±1.12%dC	98.33±18.90bA	226.00±9.17cdAB
G	32.39%±3.05%cD	7.21%±1.02%eD	115.33±2.52aA	241.33±8.62abA