低温对不同年限三七中的皂苷含量及光合生理的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200999

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明低温对不同生长年限三七光合生理及根部总皂苷含量的影响,通过HPLC法分析10、15、20℃下,处理30天的2年生和3年生三七根部的三七总皂苷含量,并测定了3个温度下2个生长年限三七叶片的光合特性、叶绿素及丙二醛含量。结果表明,3年生三七根部总皂苷以20℃处理的含量最高,15℃处理含量最低。叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均在10℃时最高,叶绿素b 15℃处理与20、10℃处理差异显著。叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)及蒸腾速率(Tr)随温度降低而下降;Pn在20℃时与15℃差异显著,与10℃差异极显著;Gs、Tr在20℃时与15、10℃差异显著。丙二醛含量随温度降低先升高后降低。胞间CO₂浓度/环境CO₂浓度(Ci/Ca)随温度降低呈上升趋势,且10℃与15、20℃差异显著。2年生三七以20℃处理的三七总皂苷最高,15℃处理的含量最低;叶绿素a和叶绿素b均随温度降低,先上升后下降;Pn、Gs随温度降低而下降,Tr随温度降低先下降后上升;丙二醛含量随温度降低而增加;Ci/Ca随温度降低而增加。研究认为,低温对三七根部皂苷积累的影响不显著,三七皂苷积累的最适温度为20℃;但低温会抑制三七的光合作用。

关键词: 三七, 皂苷, 相关性, 低温, 光合作用

Abstract:

To clarify the influence of low temperature on the total saponins and the photosynthetic physiology of Panax notoginseng with different growing years, HPLC method was used to analyze the content of total saponins in root of P. notoginseng treated with 10, 15 and 20℃ for 30 days, and measured the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde (MDA) of P. notoginseng tablets of two ages at three temperatures. The results showed that the content of total saponins in three years P. notoginseng treated with 20℃ was the highest, while that with 15℃ was the lowest. The content of chlorophyll a (Chla) and chlorophyll b (Chlb) was the highest at 10℃. The difference between Chlb at 15℃ and 20, 10℃ was significant. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves decreased with the decrease of temperature. The difference between Pn at 20℃ and 15℃ was significant, and that at 10℃ was very significant. Gs and Tr at 20℃ were significantly different from 15, 10℃. MDA increased first and then decreased with the decrease of temperature. Intercellular CO₂ concentration/ ambient CO₂ concentration (Ci/Ca) increased with the decrease of temperature, and the difference between 10℃ and 15, 20℃was significant. The content of total saponins of two years P. notoginseng treated with 20℃ was the highest and the content of total saponins treated with 15℃ was the lowest. Both Chla and Chlb increased first and then decreased with the decrease of temperature. Both Pn and Gs decreased with the decrease of temperature, and Tr decreased first and then increased with the decrease of temperature. MDA increased with the decrease of temperature. Ci/Ca increased with temperature decrease. Therefore, the effect of low temperature on the accumulation of P. notoginseng root saponins is not significant, and 20℃ is the most optimum temperature for the accumulation of P. notoginseng root saponins, but low temperature can inhibit P. notoginseng photosynthesis.

Key words: Panax notoginseng, saponins, correlation, low temperature, photosynthesis

中图分类号:

R282.2

周润泽, 王翊豪, 马晓惠, 崔志莹, 郑国伟, 徐福荣. 低温对不同年限三七中的皂苷含量及光合生理的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(34): 71-75.

Zhou Runze, Wang Yihao, Ma Xiaohui, Cui Zhiying, Zheng Guowei, Xu Furong. Effects of Low Temperature on Saponin Content and Photosynthetic Physiology of Panax notoginseng in Different Ages[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(34): 71-75.

图/表 2

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皂苷名称	生长年限	20℃	15℃	10℃
三七皂苷R₁	3年生	1.1002±0.1912a	1.2760±0.9310a	0.9799±0.2065a
三七皂苷R₁	2年生	0.2574±0.0432a	0.3646±0.0838a	0.2856±0.3160a
人参皂苷Rg₁	3年生	5.0023±1.3826a	3.8750±0.6021a	4.8011±1.0155a
人参皂苷Rg₁	2年生	1.8401±0.2009a	1.2949±0.1751b	1.7628±0.1373ab
人参皂苷Rb₁	3年生	3.9438±0.5614a	3.3774±1.1126a	3.1938±0.6631a
人参皂苷Rb₁	2年生	1.2188±0.1314a	1.1390±0.2073a	1.0020±0.1392a
人参皂苷Rd	3年生	1.2525±0.2324a	1.1082±0.3989a	1.0635±0.2502a
人参皂苷Rd	2年生	0.3249±0.0530a	0.3466±0.0903a	0.2913±0.0397a
总皂苷	3年生	11.2989±2.3231a	9.6366±1.8618a	10.0383±1.6252a
总皂苷	2年生	3.6412±0.2732a	3.1451±0.4100a	3.3416±0.2837a

皂苷名称	生长年限	20℃	15℃	10℃
三七皂苷R₁	3年生	1.1002±0.1912a	1.2760±0.9310a	0.9799±0.2065a
三七皂苷R₁	2年生	0.2574±0.0432a	0.3646±0.0838a	0.2856±0.3160a
人参皂苷Rg₁	3年生	5.0023±1.3826a	3.8750±0.6021a	4.8011±1.0155a
人参皂苷Rg₁	2年生	1.8401±0.2009a	1.2949±0.1751b	1.7628±0.1373ab
人参皂苷Rb₁	3年生	3.9438±0.5614a	3.3774±1.1126a	3.1938±0.6631a
人参皂苷Rb₁	2年生	1.2188±0.1314a	1.1390±0.2073a	1.0020±0.1392a
人参皂苷Rd	3年生	1.2525±0.2324a	1.1082±0.3989a	1.0635±0.2502a
人参皂苷Rd	2年生	0.3249±0.0530a	0.3466±0.0903a	0.2913±0.0397a
总皂苷	3年生	11.2989±2.3231a	9.6366±1.8618a	10.0383±1.6252a
总皂苷	2年生	3.6412±0.2732a	3.1451±0.4100a	3.3416±0.2837a

温度	生长年限	叶绿素a/(mg/g)	叶绿素b/(mg/g)	Pn/[μmolCO₂/(m²·s)]	Gs/[mmolH₂O/(m²·s)]	Tr/[mmolH₂O/(m²·s)]	MDA/[nmol/(g·FW)]	Ci/Ca
10℃	3年生	12.05±1.93a	10.40±0.42a	1.53±0.09c	0.020±0.0010b	0.253±0.012b	10.18±1.06a	0.68±0.00a
10℃	2年生	4.83±0.97a	2.33±0.79a	2.15±0.13a	0.026±0.0098a	0.224±0.053b	5.69±0.80a	0.65±0.08a
15℃	3年生	10.66±1.00a	8.01±0.86b	1.92±0.25b	0.022±0.0040b	0.253±0.049b	11.00±0.88	0.64±0.02b
15℃	2年生	6.27±0.97a	2.48±0.64a	2.38±0.49a	0.029±0.004a	0.207±0.038b	a5.41±0.31a	0.66±0.08a
20℃	3年生	10.76±1.32a	11.23±1.44a	2.37±0.18a	0.027±0.0010a	0.495±0.030a	9.71±1.30a	0.62±0.02b
20℃	2年生	4.75±1.64a	1.67±0.62a	2.55±0.14a	0.036±0.005a	0.393±0.090a	4.52±1.19a	0.70±0.04a

温度	生长年限	叶绿素a/(mg/g)	叶绿素b/(mg/g)	Pn/[μmolCO₂/(m²·s)]	Gs/[mmolH₂O/(m²·s)]	Tr/[mmolH₂O/(m²·s)]	MDA/[nmol/(g·FW)]	Ci/Ca
10℃	3年生	12.05±1.93a	10.40±0.42a	1.53±0.09c	0.020±0.0010b	0.253±0.012b	10.18±1.06a	0.68±0.00a
10℃	2年生	4.83±0.97a	2.33±0.79a	2.15±0.13a	0.026±0.0098a	0.224±0.053b	5.69±0.80a	0.65±0.08a
15℃	3年生	10.66±1.00a	8.01±0.86b	1.92±0.25b	0.022±0.0040b	0.253±0.049b	11.00±0.88	0.64±0.02b
15℃	2年生	6.27±0.97a	2.48±0.64a	2.38±0.49a	0.029±0.004a	0.207±0.038b	a5.41±0.31a	0.66±0.08a
20℃	3年生	10.76±1.32a	11.23±1.44a	2.37±0.18a	0.027±0.0010a	0.495±0.030a	9.71±1.30a	0.62±0.02b
20℃	2年生	4.75±1.64a	1.67±0.62a	2.55±0.14a	0.036±0.005a	0.393±0.090a	4.52±1.19a	0.70±0.04a